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2013
|
vol. 60
|
issue 4
523-530
EN
Biofilms are complex bacterial communities that resist the action of antibiotics and the human immune system. Bacteria within biofilms are the cause of numerous, almost impossible to eradicate, persistent infections. Biofilms can form on many medical devices and implants, and so have an enormous impact on medicine. Due to the lack of effective anti-biofilm antibiotics, novel alternative compounds or strategies are urgently required. This review describes some of the latest approaches in the field of biofilm treatment. New anti-biofilm technologies target different stages in the biofilm formation process. Some act to modify the colonized biomaterials to make them resistant to biofilm formation. One potentially important candidate treatment uses silver nanoparticles that show anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activity. The biological action of nano-silver is complex and seems to involve a number of pathways. However, there have been few reports on the anti-biofilm activity of silver nanoparticles and the precise mechanism underlying their action remains unresolved. Here, we describe some anti-biofilm approaches employing AgNPs and consider the challenges and problems that need to be addressed in order to make silver nanoparticles a part of an effective anti-biofilm strategy.
PL
Rosnąca oporność bakterii, zwłaszcza rosnących w biofilmach, na konwencjonalne antybiotyki jest przyczyną szerokich poszukiwań nowych środków terapeutycznych. Nanocząstki srebra, ze względu na udowodniony potencjał antybakteryjny, są intensywnie badane. Istnieje kilka metod syntezy nanosrebra, najbardziej przyjazna dla środowiska jest synteza biogeniczna. Nanocząstki srebra charakteryzują się mnogością wewnątrzkomórkowych celów działania. Mechanizm ich antybakteryjnej aktywności opiera się głównie na uszkodzeniu osłon bakteryjnych i indukcji reaktywnych form tlenu. Nanocząstki srebra, oprócz dużego potencjału antybakteryjnego, zdolne są do współdziałania z konwencjonalnymi antybiotykami, w ten sposób potęgowana jest ich aktywność. Wiele badań in vitro i in vivo wskazuje na toksyczność nanosrebra wobec Eukaryota, obiecujący jest zwłaszcza ich potencjał anty-nowotworowy. Powszechne użycie nanocząstek wymusza konieczność rygorystycznego monitoringu ich syntezy i stosowania.
EN
The growing resistance of bacteria, especially those living in biofilms, to conventional antibiotics causes a broad search for new therapeutic agents. Silver nanoparticles, due to their known antibacterial activity, are intensively studied. Among several methods of nanosilver synthesis, the most friendly is the biogenic "green" synthesis. The targets and mechanisms of action of silver nanoparticles are pleiotrophic, and involve mainly destruction of cellular envelopes and induction of reactive oxygen species. Nanosilver particles are also able to interact with conventional antibiotics, thus enhancing their antibacterial activity. The data obtained both in vivo and in vitro demonstrate the toxic effect of nanosilver on Eukaryota, including its antitumor potential. The broad usage of silver nanoparticles calls for a restricted monitoring of their production and application.
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