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Influence of various carbohydrate sources on postprandial glucose, insulin and NEFA concentrations in obese cats

100%
Mori A., Lee P., Ueda K., Oda H., Ishioka K., Sako T.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
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2016
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issue 2
2
Content available remote

The effects of organic solvents on poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 activity: implications for neurotoxicity

100%
Banasik M., Stedeford T., Strosznajder R. P., Persad A. S., Tanaka S., Ueda K.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2004
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vol. 64
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issue 4
467-473
EN
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1; EC 2.4.2.30), also termed as poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase, is a key enzyme in the recognition and repair of damaged DNA. Several conditions (e.g., ischemia-reperfusion or chemical-induced injury) have been shown to overactivate PARP-1, causing neurodegeneration and necrotic or apoptotic cell death from NAD+ and ATP depletion. In contrast, inhibitors of PARP-1 have been shown to have a neuroprotective effect by ameliorating this response. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of three routinely used organic solvents (ethanol, methanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)) on the activity of purified PARP-1. A dose-response was examined with each of these solvents. A 112% and 82% increase in PARP-1 activity was observed with 15% ethanol and 20% methanol, respectively. In contrast, a near 20% decrease in the activity was observed with 4% DMSO. Kinetic analysis revealed that the maximal velocity remained unchanged with increasing concentrations of DMSO up to 20%, indicating that DMSO is a competitive inhibitor of PARP-1. Thus, PARP-1 inhibition by DMSO depends on NAD+ concentration and in some pathological processes might be significant even at low DMSO concentrations. Our findings suggest that the interpretation of data from dose-response studies obtained when using common organic solvents may be dramatically skewed, either exaggerating the inherent toxicity of the compound or masking its potential for damage.
3
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Magnetic Field Effect on Yb-Based Heavy Fermions near Magnetic-Nonmagnetic Transition

84%
Mito T., Koyama T., Nakagawara K., Ishida T., Ueda K., Kohara T., Matsubayashi K., Saiga Y.
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issue 5
870-872
EN
Recently magnetic field effects on f electron systems in the vicinity of a magnetic-nonmagnetic transition have attracted much interest. In order to investigate the mechanism of field induced modifications in heavy fermion systems, especially in terms of valent degrees of freedom, we have carried out the X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurement on the newly discovered heavy fermion material YbCo_2Zn_{20} which exhibits extremely large specific heat at low temperatures. Our results show that the Yb valence of YbCo_2Zn_{20} is very close to +3 over the whole temperature range of measurement. Besides, no significant change in the absorption spectrum was observed up to the field of 10 T. This contrasts to the previously reported strong field dependence in the resistivity, followed by an expansion of the Fermi liquid regime with increasing field. The obtained results therefore lead to the conclusion that the valent degrees of freedom play a minor role in the strong field dependence of the heavy fermion systems in this compound.
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