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Parathyroid Carcinoma - Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment a 24-year Experience

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Gawrychowski J., Kowalski G., Buła G.
Polish Journal of Surgery
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2010
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vol. 82
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issue 2
88-94
EN
The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical, surgical and pathological prognostic factors of postoperative disease progression in parathyroid cancer patients.Material and methods. This is a retrospective study of 19 patients operated on between 1983 and 2007 for parathyroid cancer at the Department of General Surgery of the Silesian Medical University constituting 4.6% of the total 416 patients operated on during that time for primary hyperparathyroidism.Results. The study is based on a group of 7 (27%) men and 12 (63%) women aged 27 - 77 (av. 56). On admission, serum calcium levels exceeding 3.5 mmol/L were observed in 11 (58%) patients with parathyroid cancer and in 4 (1%) of the 397 patients with benign changes. Serum parathormone (PTH) levels higher than 450 pg/ml were found in 9 (47.4%) and 11 (2.8%) patients, respectively. Whenever parathyroid cancer was suspected, an en block resection of the parathyroid tumor including a wide margin of adjacent tissue was performed. Ipsilateral thyroid lobectomy was performed on 14 patients but in 5 cases total thyreoidectomy was required. 14 (73.7%) patients underwent either ipsilateral (11x) or bilateral (3x) lymphadenectomy. Within the group of 19 patients a total of 41 operations were required, including 4 operations in other medical centers. Three patients underwent adjuvant radiation therapy. The cumulative postoperative 5-, 10- and 15-year survival rate for the 19 parathyroid cancer patients was 95%, 82.5% and 62% respectively. Local and/or regional recurrences as well as remote metastases were found in 7 and 6 patients, respectively. Of the former group six patients are still alive after 3, 7, 9, 10, and - in two cases - 12 years (the 7th patient died 14 years after the first operation). Of the latter group three patients died of cancer dissemination 5, 7 and 8 years after the initial operation, but three others are still alive after 7, 10 and 14 years while still displaying the disease symptoms. Six patients, all of whom underwent one-stage resection of parathyroid glands and both ipsilateral thyroid lobectomy and lymphadenectomy, are still alive 8, 10, 11, 13, 14 and 21 years after with no evidence of the disease.Conclusions. 1. Parathyroid cancer should always be suspected while dealing with primary hyperparathyroidism in patients with significantly elevated serum calcium and PTH levels. 2. Ipsilateral lymphadenectomy is advocated for parathyroid cancer patients already during the initial operation. 3. In order to avoid parathyroid cancer relapse even many years after the surgery, periodic checks are recommended for the rest of the patients' lives.
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The pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block for hip surgery. A narrative review

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Reysner T., Kowalski G., Grochowicka M., Domagalska D.
Chirurgia Narządów Ruchu i Ortopedia Polska
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2023
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vol. 88
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issue 1
17-24
PL
Wstęp. Leczenie bólu okołooperacyjnego związanego z operacją stawu biodrowego jest bardzo wymagające. Blokada grupy nerwów okołopanewkowych (PENG) to nowa technika anestezji regionalnej, która zapewnia lepszą analgezję pooperacyjną, nie upośledzając funkcji motorycznych. Cel. Celem tego przeglądu jest ocena bezpieczeństwa i skuteczności blokady PENG w leczeniu bólu pooperacyjnego u pacjentów poddawanych operacjom stawu biodrowego. Metody. Literatura została przejrzana za pośrednictwem czterech elektronicznych baz danych: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar i Embase. Wyniki. Wstępne wyszukiwanie przyniosło 416 artykułów. Wybrano dwadzieścia siedem odpowiednich artykułów na podstawie trafności, aktualności, jakości wyszukiwania i cytowań. Dwanaście badań dotyczyło pacjentów poddawanych całkowitej alloplastyce stawu biodrowego z powodu zaawansowanej choroby zwyrodnieniowej. Dwanaście badań dotyczyło pacjentów poddawanych całkowitej operacji stawu biodrowego z powodu złamania szyjki kości udowej. Wreszcie trzy badania dotyczyły pacjentów poddawanych artroskopii stawu biodrowego. Wnioski. Blokada PENG zapewnia lepszą analgezję i niskie zużycie opioidów w bezpośrednim okresie pooperacyjnym. Jednak obecne dowody są niewystarczające i istnieje potrzeba przeprowadzenia wysokiej jakości randomizowanych badań kontrolowanych z większymi próbami.
EN
Introduction. Perioperative pain management associated with hip surgery is challenging. The pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block is a new technique thought to provide better postoperative analgesia in addition to its motor-sparing effects. Aim. This review aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the PENG blockade in managing postoperative pain in patients undergoing hip surgery. Methods. The literature was reviewed through four electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Embase. Results. The initial search yielded 416 articles. Twenty-seven relevant articles were selected based on relevance, recentness, search quality, and citations. Twelve of the studies were related to patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. Twelve studies were related to patients undergoing total hip surgery due to hip fracture. Finally, three studies were related to patients undergoing hip arthroscopy. Conclusions. The PENG block provides superior analgesia and low opioid consumption in the first postoperative period. However, current evidence is insufficient, and there is a need for high-quality randomized, controlled trials with larger sample sizes.
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Parathyroid Cancer - Occurrence, Diagnosis, Treatment

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Gawrychowski J., Kowalski G., Gawrychowska A.
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4
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Epitaxial graphene perfection vs. SiC substrate quality

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Teklinska D., Kosciewicz K., Grodecki K., Tokarczyk M., Kowalski G., Strupinski W., Olszyna A., Baranowski J.
Open Physics
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2011
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vol. 9
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issue 2
446-453
EN
Polytype instability of SiC epitaxial films was the main focus of attention in the experiment performed since this factor has a decisive influence on graphene growth, which was the second stage of the experiment. Layers deposited in various initial C/Si ratios were analyzed. Our observations indicate that the initial C/Si ratio in epitaxial growth is a crucial parameter determining which polytype will be grown, in particular for cubic (3C) or hexagonal (4H) polytypes. If the initial C/Si ratio was close to its final value, the dominant polytype was 4H. On the other hand, when the initial C/Si ratio was close to zero, 3C became the major polytype in spite of a non favourable growth temperature. The results for graphene growth on an epi-SiC layer and a bulk substrate, in which case the dominant polytype was 4H, are also presented. These results indicate that layers on epitaxial 4H-SiC are thicker, more relaxed and have better quality in comparison with samples on 4H-SiC substrates. Morphology and defects in SiC epilayers were analyzed using Nomarsky optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high resolution X-ray diffraction (XRD). Graphene quality was characterized by Raman spectroscopy.
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