In clinical practice, in the treatment of obesity, a plurality of natural high-molecular compounds are used, the activity of which supports weight loss. During the use of dietary supplements containing chitosan, illness sometimes develops and other therapeutic agents are applied as antibiotics The aim of our study was to determine the binding capacity of the antibiotic erythromycin depending on variable physicochemical factors, in the model of the gastrointestinal tract, by chitosans found in slimming dietary supplements Erythromycin adsorption phenomenon was studied by static and dynamic pharmaceutical model (according to the modified method of the Polish Pharmacopoeia) simulating in vitro conditions. The amount of bound drug was used to calculate the average percentage of the adsorbed dose. The results obtained show that erythromycin is adsorbed by chitosans at various pH ranges, and the binding capacity of the environment depends on the pH, viscosity and concentration of the antibiotic, as well as the chitosan and type and additional substances present in the gastrointestinal tract. The average level of the adsorption of erythromycin in the chitosan-nutrients system depends on the pH of the medium. The highest amount of adsorption was noted above pH 7 (chitosan precipitated polymer forming the emulsion-gel system).
Nanotechnology is a field that is gaining more and more importance in the modern world. It uses a particle size of between a few dozen to a few hundred nanometers, or 10-9 meters. It is noted that the use of nanospheres (balls with a diameter of from several to several hundred nm) as carriers of drugs gives an opportunity for their controlled and sustained release. (1,2) Nanospheres as a potential drug carrier for sustained release may enhance the effectiveness of antibiotics. In order to examine the effects of antibiotics with nanospheres an attempt was made to deposit on them three drugs differing in chemical structure. These were chloramphenicol, gentamicin and ceftazidime. The aim of this study was to determine the degree of adsorption of the drug on the surface of nanospheres and to examine the process of desorption from the surface of silica nanoparticles. The results of the study indicate that in the case of chloramphenicol it is essentially a process of chemisorption, and for gentamicin and ceftazidime both physical and chemical adsorption, without there being any clearly defined relationship between this two processes. The purpose of the nanospheres as drug carriers is to obtain controlled and prolonged exposure to the drug. The amount of adsorbed substance depends primarily on its structure. Ceftazidime, as the compound with the highest number of double bonds, and a large number of groups to form hydrogen bonds (carbonyl groups, amino groups), adsorbed to the greatest extent.
In clinical practice in the treatment of obesity, uses several natural macromolecular compounds, whose functioning is based on supporting the weight loss. In use of dietary supplements containing chitosan, sometimes reaches the illness and in the treatment, which the other therapeutic agents are chemotherapeutic drugs. The aim of our study was to determine the binding capacity of chloramphenicol chemotherapeutic depending on variable factors physico-chemical properties, present in the intestinal tract model of chitosans present in the drugs. The phenomenon of adsorption of chloramphenicol was examined by a dynamic model simulating the conditions of the pharmaceutical in vitro. the amount of adsorbed chemotherapy. The obtained results show that chloramphenicol is adsorbed by chitosans at pH ranges used, and the binding capacity depends on the pH of the environment and the viscosity and concentration of the chemotherapeutic agent as well as the type of chitosan and the additional substances present in the gastrointestinal tract. The average size of the adsorption system chemotherapeutic chitosan-nutrients depending on the pH of the medium ranged from 22.3 to 100.0%. Maximum number of adsorption points above pH 7 (chitosan precipitated polymer forming the emulsion-gel system).
In clinical practice for the treatment of obesity, several natural macromolecular compounds are used, whose operation is based on supporting weight loss. During the use of dietary supplements containing chitosan, disease sometimes occurs and treatment for this often comprises different therapeutic agents and antibiotics. The aim of our study was to determine the binding capacity of simvastatin to chitosan, which is found in dietary supplements promoting weight loss, depending on variable physicochemical factors in the gastrointestinal tract model. The phenomenon of adsorption of simvastatin was investigated by a static and dynamic pharmaceutical model (according to the Modified method of Polish Pharmacopoeia IX) simulating the conditions in vitro. The amount of bound drug is used to calculate the average percentage of the adsorbed dose. The obtained results showed that simvastatin is adsorbed by chitosan in the used pH ranges, and the binding capacity is dependent on the environmental pH, viscosity, the concentration of the drug, the type of chitosan and additional substances present in the gastrointestinal tract. The average adsorption of simvastatin in the system of chitosan-nutrients, depending on the pH of the medium, was in the range of 27 to 95%. The highest amount of adsorption was noted above pH 7 (chitosan precipitated polymer forming the emulsion-gel system), when the bioavailability of dietary supplement using chitosan was almost zero.
During the pharmacological therapy of specific diseases, drugs are used which, with other preparations or foods, can create connections, in many cases changing or even blocking their action. On the other hand, the use of unsuitable polymers as excipients may result in drug-polymer incompatibilities. Interactions consisting mainly of the occurrence of the adsorption phenomenon and on the formation of complex bonds that reduce the effect of the drugs are of particular importance. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the active substance atorvastatin is incompatible with dietary supplements containing chitosan. The phenomenon of the adsorption of the drug was examined using a static model of a pharmaceutical gastrointestinal tract, in the concentration range generally ingested in a single dose. Measurement results of the amount of bound drug were used to determine the average percentage of adsorbed drug dose. The results of the study prove that the anticholinesterase drug is adsorbed on chitosan in the pH ranges used, and that the binding capacity depends on the chitosan variety, which indirectly affects the reaction of the environment. It was observed that the average size of sorption depending on the chitosan variety ranged from 38% to 86%. The fact that the lowest value of adsorption was at pH 6.4 can be explained by the chemical properties of chitosan, which shows a charge only at pH >6.7. Under such conditions, the phenomenon of electrostatic adsorption may occur in relation to the healing substances of weak acids. At a pH above 7.6, corresponding to the intestinal fluid-filled intestine, the mean sorption for the highest dose of chitosan was from 38–86%. The increase in the adsorbed amount of anticholinesterase drugs on the polymer along with the increase in pH from 7.6 to 8.0 can be explained by the chitosan swelling properties, which increase with an increase in the pH. As a result, the specific surface area of the polymer and its sorption capacity increase. Based on the above considerations, it can be concluded that there is an antagonistic interaction between the drug and the polymer studied, which involves the adsorption of a drug from this group on the polymer (chitosan) and a decrease in its bioavailability
The motivation to use dietary supplements in sports is very high and strongly correlated with the need to perform better and achieve improved results. Data from the Public Opinion Research Center indicate that nine out of ten Polish adults use supplements, while athletes often use several supplements concomitantly. The usage of supplements depends primarily on the type of sports discipline and increases with the intensity of training and the age of the respondents. The published data also suggests that athletes are willing to take supplements without gathering reliable information about the active substances they contain. Therefore, there are many documented cases of doping, including unintentional doping, in the history of sport. In the case of professional athletes, a significant problem is the risk of the contamination of supplements with substances from the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) list. Therefore, one should ensure that the possible benefits of using supplements outweigh the risks of using them. Evaluation of the current diet should be the first step in selecting potential supplementation. This process should be carried out based on an assessment of anthropometric, biochemical, clinical and environmental data. The decision should be based on a complex analysis of the athlete. The analysis presented here is based on the reports of the WADA and scientific literature and it aims to provide information on the use of supplementation in sports, including data on legal regulations and potential risks associated with their use.
PL
Motywacja w zakresie stosowania suplementów diety w sporcie jest duża i silnie skorelowana z potrzebą osiągania coraz lepszych wyników przez konsumenta. Dane pochodzące z Centrum Badań Opinii Społecznej wskazują, że dziewięciu na dziesięciu dorosłych Polaków stosuje suplementację, a sportowcy wielokrotnie sięgają po kilka suplementów jednocześnie. Korzystanie z suplementów zależy przede wszystkim od rodzaju uprawianej dyscypliny sportowej i wzrasta wraz z intensywnością treningu oraz wiekiem respondentów. Opublikowane dane sugerują również, że sportowcy są skłonni przyjmować suplementy bez gromadzenia wiarygodnych informacji o zawartych w nich substancjach aktywnych. Dlatego w historii sportu udokumentowanych jest wiele przypadków dopingu, również tego niezamierzonego. Znaczącym problemem w przypadku stosowania suplementów diety przez zawodowych sportowców są również potencjalne zanieczyszczenia substancjami z listy Światowej Agencji Antydopingowej (World Anti-Doping Agency – WADA). Ocena dotychczasowego sposobu odżywiania powinna być pierwszym krokiem w doborze suplementacji. Proces ten powinien uwzględniać ocenę danych antropometrycznych, biochemicznych, klinicznych i środowiskowych sportowca. Zatem kompleksowe podejście do oceny takiej potrzeby powinno być zadaniem sztabu szkoleniowego. Decyzja zaś powinna się opierać na złożonej analizie potrzeb żywieniowych sportowca. Podstawą niniejszej analizy są raporty WAD-y oraz piśmiennictwo naukowe, a jej celem jest przybliżenie informacji na temat wykorzystania suplementów w sporcie, z uwzględnieniem danych dotyczących przepisów prawnych i potencjalnych zagrożeń wynikających z ich zastosowania.
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.