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1

Zastosowanie probiotyków w profilaktyce oraz leczeniu raka żołądka i raka jelita grubego

100%

Kaźmierczak- Siedlecka K. L., Makarewicz W.

Farmacja Polska

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2020

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vol. 76

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issue 2

118-124

EN

The composition of gut microbiota depends on many factors, such as age, life style (eating habits and the level of physical activity), pharmacological treatment (antibiotics, side effects of anti-cancer therapy) as well as surgical procedures. The gut microbiota is involved in carcinogenesis process. Furthermore, gut dysbiosis is described as qualitative and quantitative alterations in gut microbiota and it is observed in cancers. For instance, in patients with colorectal cancer the increased amount of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteroides fragilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus bovis as well as Peptostreptococcus anaerobius is noted. It was confirmed that amount of several specific bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, Escherichia-Shigella, Nitrospirae, Burkholderia fungorum and Lachnospiraceae, is increased in patients with gastric cancer. However, the major carcinogen involved in gastric carcinogenesis is Helicobacter pylori; it causes mucosa inflammation, mucosa atrophy, and as a consequence development of gastric cancer. Nowadays, there are several therapeutic methods, which may be used to alter the composition and the activity of gut microbiota. They include administration of probiotic strains, prebiotics, and synbiotics. Probiotics can be used to prevent the development of gastric and colorectal cancer, which was shown in many in vivo and in vitro studies. According to the most recent trials, probiotics reduce the incidence of diarrhoea associated with enteral nutrition. Probiotic strains may also be used as a supportive therapy in treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. Notwithstanding, they can play a supportive role in standard eradication treatment due to reduction of adverse events of antibiotics. Probiotics decrease the incidence of infections in postooperative period, the frequency of abdominal pain, and radiation-induced diarrhoea. To sum up, probiotics may be used to prevent the development of cancer and they may significantly improve the efficiency of standard anti-cancer therapy.

PL

Mikrobiota przewodu pokarmowego jest modyfikowana przez wiele czynników, w tym styl życia, leczenie farmakologiczne oraz zabiegi chirurgiczne. Dysbioza jelitowa, czyli zaburzenia w składzie i aktywności mikrobioty, może wystąpić w przebiegu chorób nowotworowych. U pacjentów z rakiem jelita grubego obserwuje się zwiększone ilości bakterii – Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteroides fragilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus bovis oraz Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. Największym karcynogenem raka żołądka jest Helicobacter pylori. Bakteria ta powoduje zapalenie błony śluzowej żołądka prowadząc do jej atrofii, a następnie do rozwinięcia nowotworu. Obecnie znanych jest kilka metod terapeutycznych modyfikujących mikrobiotę przewodu pokarmowego, w tym podaż szczepów probiotycznych, prebiotyków oraz synbiotyków. Probiotyki mogą być stosowane w profilaktyce oraz leczeniu raka żołądka i jelita grubego, co zostało potwierdzone w badaniach in vivo oraz in vitro. Według najnowszych doniesień, probiotyki są skuteczne w zmniejszeniu częstości występowania biegunki będącej skutkiem ubocznym żywienia enteralnego. Dotychczasowe badania potwierdzają także, że szczepy probiotyczne nie mogą być stosowane jako jedyny czynnik eradykacyjny Helicobacter pylori, ale stanowią terapię uzupełniającą podczas standardowego leczenia oraz redukują działania niepożądane antybiotykoterapii. Z kolei u chorych z rakiem jelita grubego probiotyki zmniejszają ryzyko rozwinięcia infekcji pooperacyjnych, bólów brzucha i biegunki związanej z radioterapią. Podsumowując, należy podkreślić, że probiotyki mają zastosowanie na etapie profilaktyki chorób nowotworowych, a także mogą znacząco poprawić wyniki standardowego leczenia przeciwnowotworowego.

2

Quality of life after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy – review of literature

81%

Wityk M., Bobowicz M., Kaczmarkiewicz C., Makarewicz W.

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2019

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vol. 2

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issue 2

52-60

EN

Background: Last decade brought changes in trends of most frequently performed types of bariatric procedures. Despite the well-grounded knowledge of bariatric surgery positive impact on comorbidities, life prolongation, cancer risk, depression etc. there is still insufficient data on patients’ quality of life (QoL) after surgery. Methods: In this review PubMed and Scopus databases as well as Mendeley search engine were used for searching publications from last ten years focusing on QoL after LSG. 702 abstracts were reviewed. 13 publications, with 1630 patients in total were finally included. Results: Six different QoL tools were used: SF-36, BAROS, Moorehead-Ardelt II questionnaire, IWQOL-Lite, GIQLI and SF8. In majority of publications QoL was improved. Pre and postoperative assessment with SF-36 showed significant improvement. The mean BAROS score was 5.1-7.1 with 77-96% of patients achieving good to excellent outcomes. In some studies, QoL was better in females and in one study QoL did not achieve results of general population norms. There was no improvement in QoL after LSG in some studies or no correlation between %EWL and health related QOL. Conclusions: There is limited good quality research into QoL after LSG, though quality of life seems to be better after that procedure.

3

Quality of life after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy – review of literature

81%

Wityk M., Makarewicz W., Kaczmarkiewicz C., Bobowicz M.

European Journal of Translational and Clinical Medicine

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2020

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vol. 2

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issue 2

52-60

EN

Background: Last decade brought changes in trends of most frequently performed types of bariatric procedures. Despite the well-grounded knowledge of bariatric surgery positive impact on comorbidities, life prolongation, cancer risk, depression etc. there is still insufficient data on patients’ quality of life (QoL) after surgery. Methods: In this review PubMed and Scopus databases as well as Mendeley search engine were used for searching publications from last ten years focusing on QoL after LSG. 702 abstracts were reviewed. 13 publications, with 1630 patients in total were finally included. Results: Six different QoL tools were used: SF-36, BAROS, Moorehead-Ardelt II questionnaire, IWQOL-Lite, GIQLI and SF8. In majority of publications QoL was improved. Pre and postoperative assessment with SF-36 showed significant improvement. The mean BAROS score was 5.1-7.1 with 77-96% of patients achieving good to excellent outcomes. In some studies, QoL was better in females and in one study QoL did not achieve results of general population norms. There was no improvement in QoL after LSG in some studies or no correlation between %EWL and health related QOL. Conclusions: There is limited good quality research into QoL after LSG, though quality of life seems to be better after that procedure.

4

Struny ścięgniste rzekome w prawej komorze serca człowieka - obraz mikroskopowy

61%

Kosiński A., Dubaniewicz A., Kuta W., Makarewicz W., Grzybiak M., Kozłowski D.

Geriatria

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2012

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vol. 6

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issue 4

212-218

EN

Introduction. False chordae tendineae are described in the literature as fibrous-muscular bundles present in ventricles, not interconnecting, unlike „true” chordae, with atrioventricular valves. In the literature there are numerous reports suggesting significant influence of the structures on electromechanical processes in the heart. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate an ultrastructure of the false chordae tendineae in the right ventricle of the heart, mainly in terms of the presence of conduction system elements within their area. Material and methods. Material for research consisted of 40 human adults’ hearts of both sexes (24♂, 16♀), aged from 18 to 59. 114 chordae in total were examined. Location of muscle tissue, fibrous elements and the presence of blood vessels were studied. Special attention was paid to the observation of the type of muscle tissue in chordae tendineae (due to reports, concerning presence within their elements of cardiac conduction system). Results. Basic scheme of the build of false chordae tendineae in the right ventricle of a human heart presents as follows: it constitutes of a muscle bundle consisting of working muscle tissue of the ventricles surrounded by a layer of connective tissue and from the outside covered by endocardium. In the examined material, obvious bifurcation of the right branch of the bundle of His transiting into false chordae tendineae, was not found. However, single muscle fibers were observed running in the connective tissue, being a continuation of the deepest layer of the endocardium (22 cases – 19,3% of false chordae endineae). This location is typical for Purkinje fibers. Morphology of these structures in some cases could correspond with distal segments of conductive system of the heart (lack of striations, brightness around the nuclei). Conclusions. Obvious bifurcations of the right branch of the bundle of His were not observed, however ingle muscle fibers were seen, which may correspond with Purkinje fibers. Geriatria 2012; 6: 212-218

PL

Wstęp. Mianem strun ścięgnistych rzekomych, określane są pasma włóknisto-mięśniowe przebiegające w komorach serca, niełączące się w odróżnieniu od strun „prawdziwych" z zastawkami przedsionkowo-komorowymi. Większość opisów tych elementów dotyczy lokalizacji lewokomorowej, analizy strun komory prawej należą do rzadkości. Cel pracy. Celem pracy była mikroskopowa ocena strun ścięgnistych rzekomych w prawej komorze serca, głównie w aspekcie obecności elementów układu przewodzącego. Materiał i metody. Materiał do badań stanowiło 40 serc ludzi dorosłych, obojga płci (24♂, 16♀) w wieku od 18 do 59 lat. W sumie zbadano 114 struny. Po wstępnej obróbce utrwalonych skrawków, były one cięte co 10 μm, a następnie barwione metodą Massona w modyfikacji Goldnera. Pomiary przeprowadzono przy użyciu oprogramowania Motic Images 2.0 Plus, natomiast analizę statystyczną z wykorzystaniem programu Statistica 9.1 (testy chi-kwadrat, Kruskal-Wallis).Wyniki. Wszystkie badane struny miały podobną budowę histologiczną z niewielkimi odchyleniami, uwarunkowanymi głównie wielkością, a mniejszym stopniu lokalizacją. Mięśniówka występowała w postaci dwóch form: 1) jednolitego pasma z niewielką ilością zrębu łącznotkankowego, lub 2) kilku cienkich pasemek o zmiennym przekroju połączonych większą ilością tkanki łącznej. Mięśniówka stanowiła największą objętościowo składową strun ścięgnistych rzekomych. Nie stwierdzono istotnej zależności pomiędzy zawartością tkanki mięśniowej a płcią i wiekiem. W większości badanych preparatów można było prześledzić przejście pasma mięśniowego struny do podwsierdziowej mięśniówki sąsiadujących struktur. Tkanka łączna, występowała głównie w postaci dobrze rozbudowanej warstwy podwsierdziowej. Naczynia krwionośne, można było stwierdzić na całej długości przebiegu strun. W badanym materiale nie znaleziono wyraźnych rozgałęzień prawej odnogi pęczka Hisa, wnikających do strun ścięgnistych rzekomych. Wnioski. Stwierdzono zbliżoną budowę histologiczną wszystkich badanych strun – zawsze obecne były: pasmo mięśniowe, zrąb łącznotkankowy oraz pojedyncze lub mnogie naczynia krwionośne. Nie znaleziono wyraźnych rozgałęzień prawej odnogi pęczka Hisa, były jednak widoczne pojedyncze włókna mięśniowe, mogące odpowiadać włóknom Purkinjego. Geriatria 2012; 6: 212-218.

5

Assessment of nutritional status of patients with cancer who are qualified for home enteral nutrition – a retrospective analysis

52%

Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka K. L., Folwarski M., Jankowska B., Spychalski P., Szafrański W., Baran M., Makarewicz W., Bryl E.

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2020

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vol. 3

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issue 1

16-23

EN

Background Patients with cancer are at risk of malnutrition. The aim of this study is to assess the nutritional status of patients with cancer who are qualified for home enteral nutrition. Secondary aim is to compare the nutritional status of patients with gastric cancer and with esophageal cancer. Material and methods Retrospective analysis of medical documentation of 84 participants with cancer who were qualified for home enteral nutrition in Nutritional Counselling Center Copernicus in Gdansk in 2009-2015 was performed. Assessment of nutritional status included body mass index, the level of total protein and albumin in blood serum, total lymphocyte count, and Nutritional Risk Score 2002 method. Results Patients with gastric cancer most often presented albumin deficiency in comparison with patients with esophageal cancer (p=0.02). The low level of total lymphocyte count in 1mm3 of peripheral blood was observed in 47.6% participants. All the patients qualified for home enteral nutrition received at least 3 points in NRS 2002 method and most often 5 points (40.4%). Conclusions All patients required nutritional treatment. Notwithstanding, the nutritional status of patients varied. Hypoalbuminemia was observed more often in patients with gastric cancer in comparison with patients with esophageal cancer.

6

Assessment of nutritional status of patients with cancer who are qualified for home enteral nutrition – a retrospective analysis

52%

Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka K., Folwarski M., Jankowska B., Spychalski P., Szafrański W., Baran M., Makarewicz W., Bryl E.

European Journal of Translational and Clinical Medicine

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2020

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vol. 3

|

issue 1

16-23

EN

Background: Patients with cancer are at risk of malnutrition. The aim of this study is to assess the nutritional status of patients with cancer who are qualified for home enteral nutrition. Secondary aim is to compare the nutritional status of patients with gastric cancer and with esophageal cancer. Material and methods: Retrospective analysis of medical documentation of 84 participants with cancer who were qualified for home enteral nutrition in Nutritional Counselling Center Copernicus in Gdansk in 2009-2015 was performed. Assessment of nutritional status included body mass index, the level of total protein and albumin in blood serum, total lymphocyte count, and Nutritional Risk Score 2002 method. Results: Patients with gastric cancer most often presented albumin deficiency in comparison with patients with esophageal cancer (p=0.02). The low level of total lymphocyte count in 1mm3 of peripheral blood was observed in 47.6% participants. All the patients qualified for home enteral nutrition received at least 3 points in NRS 2002 method and most often 5 points (40.4%). Conclusions: All patients required nutritional treatment. Notwithstanding, the nutritional status of patients varied. Hypoalbuminemia was observed more often in patients with gastric cancer in comparison with patients with esophageal cancer.

7

Videothoracoscopic Simultaneous Bilateral Posterior Splanchnicectomy - Initial Report

42%

Stefaniak T., Reszetow J., Żemojtel Ł., Kobiela J. a., Makarewicz W., Kaska Ł., Krajewski J., Proczko-Markuszewska M., Kwiecińska B., Łachiński A., Basiński A., Śledziński Z.

Polish Journal of Surgery

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2007

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vol. 79

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issue 1

42-46

EN

Chronic pain syndrome (CPS), accompanying pancreatic diseases, especially chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer requires the strongest analgesic agents and is considered difficult to manage. Conservative methods are unsatisfactory and their side effects lead to serious somatic and mental comorbidities.The aim of the study was to perform an initial evaluation of videothoracoscopic bilateral splanchnicectomy using the posterior approach, as the method of treatment in cases of advanced pancreatic cancer.Material and methods. During the period between May and July 2005 there were 10 simultaneous bilateral videothoracoscopic splanchnicectomies (BVSPL) performed in patients with chronic pain syndrome, due to advanced pancreatic cancer, at the Department of General, Endocrinological and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk.Results. All patients were discharged from the hospital on the second postoperative day. Subjective pain measured by the VAS scale changed from 84.3±7.6% before the operation to 25.3±5.3% during the first and second postoperative days. The median follow-up of patients was approximately 4 months (ranging between 2 and 6 months). The intensity of pain 2, 6, and 12 weeks after the procedure was 28.7±4.7%, 30.3±5.4% and 36.2±4.7%, respectively.Conclusions. This is the first description of this safe and feasible method in the Polish surgical literature. The surgical procedure can be safely performed in most surgical departments equipped with videoscopic instruments. Moreover, the short learning curve enables surgeons to perform this procedure well after a short training period. In combination with good results concerning subjective pain reduction, it can be concluded that BVSPL should be incorporated into the spectrum of surgical procedures in most surgical departments in Poland.

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Zastosowanie probiotyków w profilaktyce oraz leczeniu raka żołądka i raka jelita grubego

Quality of life after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy – review of literature

Quality of life after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy – review of literature

Struny ścięgniste rzekome w prawej komorze serca człowieka - obraz mikroskopowy

Assessment of nutritional status of patients with cancer who are qualified for home enteral nutrition – a retrospective analysis

Assessment of nutritional status of patients with cancer who are qualified for home enteral nutrition – a retrospective analysis

Videothoracoscopic Simultaneous Bilateral Posterior Splanchnicectomy - Initial Report