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1

The influence of training loads on the sports results of athletes with visual impairments in the 800 and 1500 m races

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Bednarczuk G., Rutkowska I., Skowroński W.

Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism

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2013

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vol. 20

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issue 4

259-263

EN

Introduction. The increased level in competition and growing interest in sports for the disabled means that the training process of these people is the subject of studies and analysis. The main objective of this study was to identify the structure of the training loads in athletes with visual impairments in the 800 and 1500 m runs, in relation to sports performance. Material and methods. Seven annual trainings cycles of two groups (A, n=8, B, n=5) of athletes with visual impairments (medalists and participants of the Paralympic Games, World Championships, European Championships and multiple Polish masters), engaged in the 800 and 1500 m races, from the years 1998-2000 and 2003-2008 were evaluated. To analyze and evaluate the training loads, based on training logs two methods were used: Method I - based on an analysis of training documentation developed in the Department of Theory of Sport at the University of Physical Education in Warsaw. Method II - based on an assessment of the energy cost incurred for the implementation of training. Results. The analysis showed significant differences in the training process of the athletes of the two groups. The training of athletes from group A, was carried out mainly with the directed training method (61% of total load - TL) with low intensity - range 1 on a 5 point scale (74% TL), while group B - with special training method (76% TL) in second (2) range of intensity (71% TL). Conclusions. Training carried out by athletes from group B better reflects the specifications of middle distance runs, in comparison with group A, which could lead to a higher level of performance presented by the athletes of group B.

2

Klasyfikacja zawodników w lekkoatletycznych konkurencjach biegowych w świetle wyników uzyskanych na Igrzyskach Paraolimpijskich w latach 2000 – 2012 / Classification of athletes in athletics track events in terms of results obtained during Paralympics Games in years 2000 – 2012

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Bednarczuk G., Przepióra W., Rutkowska I., Skowroński W.

Advances in Rehabilitation

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2014

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vol. 28

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issue 4

51-58

EN

Introduction: Issues related to the classification in sport of people with disabilities is one of the major area of research in this field. Looking to objective criteria for assessing functional capabilities of the players, in order to allow them a fair competition, where impact on the achieved result is performance, and not the type and degree of disability. Material and methods: Analysis of the sports results obtained at the Paralympic Games (PG) in the years 2000-2012 was aimed to assess the classification system in Track & Field (TF). Material were sports results, based on official reports, obtained by athletes with locomotor disability (LD) in the track events during PG in the years 2000-2012. To determine the difference in results between starting classes the U Mann - Whitney test was used. Statistical significance was set at p <0.05. Results: The largest difference in the results obtained by the athletes (men) with similar functional capabilities was observed among competing on the wheelchair. No statistically significant differences between the results of the runners competing in the standing position was observed in T38 and T44 classes in 400m, throughout the entire period. A similar level of the results observed in women from T53 and T54 class practicing athletics sprint events. Conclusions: The specificity of the discipline that is the TF (a large number of events with various type of effort) can cause problems in the evaluation of the classification system, which doesn’t take into account the event in which athletes compete.

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Zmienność wyników sportowych w pływaniu mężczyzn z niepełnosprawnością narządu ruchu na Igrzyskach Paraolimpijskich w latach 2000 – 2012/ Variability of sports results in men’s with locomotor disabilities swimming during the Paralympic Games in the years 2000 – 2012

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Bednarczuk G., Rutkowska I., Skowroński W.

Advances in Rehabilitation

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2015

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vol. 29

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issue 1

45-53

EN

Introduction: Swimming is one of the most popular sports practiced by people with disabilities, and the number of participants during the subsequent Paralympic Games (PG) increases. One way to assess the level of sports in a given discipline is to analyze the sports results of the athletes competing at the highest level. Hence, the purpose of analysis was to compare the results obtained by the athletes with locomotor disability in swimming in the starting class (1-10) on the PG in the years 2000-2012. Material and methods: Were analyzed the results obtained by men with locomotor disability in swimming all styles, on all distances during the PG in 2000-2012. To assess the significance of differences between the results obtained by the swimmers in the analyzed period the Mann-Whitney U test were used. The level of significance was set at p <0.05. Results: We observed statistically significant differences in the level (increase) of obtained results in all classes and styles, on distances played during the next PG. Throughout the 8 and 12 years, almost all differences were statistically significant. This direction of change was most evident in case of athletes from higher start classes (6-10). Conclusions: The results indicate a steady increase in the sports results of men with locomotor disability in swimming. It could be caused by much interest in this form of activity among people with disabilities, especially those with less functional deficit. Attention should be paid to increasing the share of the athletes from low-start classes (1-5).

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Aktywność fizyczna osób z problemami onkologicznymi, uczestników Międzynarodowej Onko-Olimpiady Warszawa 2014

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Skowroński W., Rak J., Molik B., Rutkowska I., Bednarczuk G.

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2017

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vol. 31

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issue 1

17-26

EN

Introduction This study sought to identify and analyse the ranges, determinants and differences in physical activity levels of athletes with cancer. Material and methods The analysis included questionnaire responses provided by 169 out of 210 participants of the Onco-Olympics (80 out of 92 girls and 89 out of 118 boys). The mean age was 13.05 years for girls and 13.08 years for boys. The study group consisted of the following participants: 62 girls and 69 boys from Poland, 6 girls and 4 boys from Lithuania, 4 girls and 8 boys from Romania and 8 girls and 8 boys from Ukraine. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used in the study. Results Girls demonstrated lower levels of vigorous (3.56 days per week, 88 minutes per day) and moderate (3.61 days per week, 96.5 minutes per day) physical activity than boys (3.91 days per week, 99.35 minutes per day, and 4.20 days per week, 103.7 minutes per day, respectively). Walking time per week was 16.18 hours for girls and 15.91 hours for boys, while sitting time per week was 5.17 hours for girls and 5.57 hours for boys. Athletes with neuroblastoma and bone cancer displayed the highest levels of vigorous and moderate physical activity, while its lower levels were found in athletes with leukemia, lymphoma and solid tumors. Physical activity levels differed depending on the type of cancer. Conclusions Physical activity of Polish athletes with cancer does not depend on their sex, age in the examined range, body mass, body height or the BMI but it depends on the type of cancer. Drawing on the example of the group of athletes under investigation, it is reasonable to assume that recommended physical activity levels (expressed in MET – minutes per week) ought to be different for persons with different types of oncological diseases.

PL

Wstęp Celem było rozpoznanie i analiza zakresów, uwarunkowań i zróżnicowania aktywności fizycznej wśród sportowców z problemami onkologicznymi. Materiał i metody Analizie poddano odpowiedzi na pytania ankiety uzyskane od 169 osób na 210 uczestników igrzysk Onko-Olimpiady (80 dziewcząt i 89 na 118 chłopców). Średnia wieku dziewcząt wynosiła 13,05 lat, a chłopców 13,08 lat. Reprezentowali Polskę (62 dziewcząt i 69 chłopców), Litwę (6 dziewcząt i 4 chłopców), Rumunię (4 dziewczęta i 8 chłopców), Ukrainę (8 dziewcząt i 8 chłopców). Zastosowano międzynarodowy kwestionariusz aktywności fizycznej (IPAQ). Wyniki Dziewczęta wykazały mniejszą intensywną (3,56 dnia/tyg. po 88 min/dzień) i umiarkowaną (3,61 dnia/tyg. po 96,5 min/dzień) aktywność fizyczną niż chłopcy (intensywna – 3,91 dnia/tyg. po 99,35 min/dzień., umiarkowana – 4,20 dnia/tyg. po 103,7 min/dzień). Czas chodzenia w tygodniu (dziewczęta – 16,18 godz., chłopcy – 15,91 godz.) i siedzenia (dziewczęta – 5,17 godz., chłopcy – 5,57 godz.). Wśród sportowców największą intensywną i umiarkowaną aktywność fizyczną wykazały osoby z nerwiakiem zarodkowym i nowotworem kości, a mniejszą osoby z białaczką, chłoniakiem i guzami litymi. Istniało zróżnicowanie aktywności fizycznej ze względu na rodzaj choroby nowotworowej. Wnioski Aktywność fizyczna sportowców z problemami onkologicznymi w Polsce nie zależy od płci, wieku w badanym jego zakresie, masy, wysokości ciała a także wskaźnika BMI, a zależy od rodzaju choroby nowotworowej. Istnieją przesłanki na przykładzie badanej grupy sportowców do różnicowania zalecanej aktywności fizycznej wyrażonej w MET-min./tyg. dla osób z różnymi rodzajami chorób onkologicznych.

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The effects of foam rolling of plantar fascia on the arches of the foot and flexibility

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Olewiński J., Jagodziński A., Bienias K., Rutkowska I., Ścibek J.

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2019

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vol. 33

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issue 1

29-34

EN

Introduction Tissues located on the plantar side of the foot determine its static and dynamic properties and their tightness might be associated with limiting the range of motion in functional tasks. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of loosening tissues located on the plantar side of the foot on its longitudinal arching and on the range of the trunk forward bend. Material and methods The study was conducted on 30 healthy volunteers, aged 18-25. They were divided into two groups and assigned to an experimental group (EG, n = 15) and a control group (CG, n = 15). Participants in both groups underwent three series of measurements including the measurement of the height of the navicular bone, the fingers-to-floor test and the podoscopic examination (Clarke’s angle). In between these measurements subjects from the EG performed a foam-rolling sequence. The subjects from the CG did not perform any intervention. Acute and chronic effect (2 weeks) of foam rolling was examined. Results Changes in the Thomayer’s test results, Clarke’s angle values and the height of navicular bone values caused by the intervention did not show a statistically significant difference between the EG and CG (p>0.05). Conclusions Foam rolling of the plantar side of the foot does not seem to influence the shape of the foot and the trunk forward bend range of motion. Further research is required to investigate the effects of foam rolling.

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Physical Activity and Injuries Relating to Physical Fitness of Professional Firefighters.

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Nowak A. M., Molik B., Wójcik A., Rutkowska I., Nowacka-Dobosz S., Kowalczyk M., Marszałek J.

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2018

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vol. 32

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issue 2

13-22

EN

Background The profession of a firefighter involves multiple factors that directly or indirectly impact on the person's health. The aim of this study was to establish the correlation between physical fitness of the selected group of firefighters with respect to anthropometric parameters, additional physical activity, and injury rate. Material and methods The study examined 77 men who worked for the State Fire Service (age: 28.87±9.84 years, body mass: 82.13±9.37 kg, body height: 180.12±6.39 cm). Of he study group, 53% of the fire-fighters had normal BMI, 42% were overweight and 5% had first degree obesity. The study used a survey questionnaire concerning the anthropometric data, previous injuries, physiotherapeutic procedures following the injury, and participants' involvement in additional physical activity. A physical fitness test battery was used to determine the correlation between physical fitness and: age, BMI and additional physical activity and injury rate. Results Musculoskeletal injuries accounted for 51% of all injuries. Of all injuries, 56% were occupational. The correlations between the results of the handgrip test were insignificant with respect to BMI and age, whereas in other tests, the correlations were statistically significant (p<0.05). No differences were observed in the results of handgrip test between the group of firefighters who were and those who were not involve in additional physical activity. Comparison of the results obtained by firefighters following the injury and without previous injuries revealed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in the 4 x 10 m shuttle run. Conclusions Age and higher values of BMI are the factors that reduce the level of physical fitness of firefighters. Involvement in additional physical activity is a factor in improving physical fitness of firefighters. Previous injuries the firefighters had suffered did not have an effect on their physical fitness.

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Game Efficiency of Wheelchair Rugby Athletes at the 2008 Paralympic Games with Regard to Player Classification

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Morgulec-Adamowicz N., Kosmol A., Bogdan M., Molik B., Rutkowska I., Bednarczuk G.

Human Movement

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2010

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vol. 11

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issue 1

29-36

EN

Purpose. The purpose of the study was to examine game efficiency of elite wheelchair rugby players in consideration of International Wheelchair Rugby Federation (IWRF) classification during the 2008 Paralympic Games played according to the old wheelchair rugby rules.Basic procedures. A group of 77 athletes representing 8 national teams participated in the study. Each team played 5 games for 32 min each. Athletes who played for more than 8 min in total at the 2008 Paralympics qualified for the study. The seven IWRF player point classes were collapsed into four groups. The game efficiency analysis was based on the IWRF Statistical Reports. The following six game efficiency parameters were analyzed: played time (T), sum of all points scored (PT), assist passes (AS), assist blocks (AB), turnovers (TO) and steals (ST).Main findings. The major finding of the study was that most differences in PT, AS, AB, TO and ST were found among all the examined groups (I-IV), except groups I and II. The played time (T) was not sensitive enough to identify significant differences among all the groups. This indicates that played time in the context of substitutions limited by classification point requirements does not reflect the differences between player classes.Conclusions. Generally, there was a tendency for highpoint class players to perform better. The study findings point to the importance of analysis of game efficiency of elite wheelchair rugby players with regard to their IWRF classification during tournaments played according to the new wheelchair rugby rules.

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Comparison of the level of coordination motor abilities in boys with sensory impairments and able-bodied peers

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Rutkowska I., Stranowska K., Molik B., Bednarczuk G., Koc K., Kaźmierska K.

Advances in Rehabilitation

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2012

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vol. 26

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issue 4

55-62

EN

Introduction: Looking for solutions to improve physical fitness of persons with sensory impairments, both in the context of physiotherapy and the creation of adapted physical activity programs in the physical education and extracurricular activities, it seems important to determine the effect of sensory impairments at the level of coordination motor abilities (CMA). The aim of the study was to compare the coordination motor abilities of blind, deaf and able-bodied boys aged 14-17. Material and methods: The research was carried out on 37 boys: totally blind students (14) from the Education Centre for Blind Children in Laski, deaf students (18) from Deaf Institute in Warsaw and able-bodied peers (15) from School No.51 in Warsaw. The following tests evaluating selected CMA were used in the research: spatial orientation, dynamic balance, high frequency of movement, rhythmicising, kinesthetic differentmiation, connection of movement. Participants performed motor tests such as: walking into goal, turn on a bar of a gym bench, flat tapping, rhythmic drumming of upper and lower limbs, long jump at 50% capacity, transfering a gym stick, skiping with clapping under the knees, The Starosta Global Coordination Test. Measurements and evaluation of basic anthropometric parameters were done as well as Body Mass Index was calculated. Means of results of every tests were evaluated through nonparametric Krauskal-Wallis test. Statistical significance between the groups was determined using the U Mann-Whitney test. Results: Coordination motor abilities differentiated the groups of boys - blind, deaf and able-bodied. The lowest level of the CMA was obtained in a group of blind boys and there were only little differences between the deaf and able-bodied participants. For the blind boys the most difficult test was rotation on the bench gym, which may indirectly indicate low level of dynamic balance. Conclusions: The ability to rhythmic whole body and spatial orientation were the CMA that needed improvement in the group of deaf boys. There is no correlation between the results obtained in tests of CMA and body height, weight, BMI and age of individuals

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Evaluation of functional fitness’ participants of the Universities of the Third Age University of Physical Education in Warsaw

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Rutkowska I., Marszałek J., Piotrowska J., Morgulec-Adamowicz N., Skowroński W., Rekowski W., Kozdroń E.

Advances in Rehabilitation

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2011

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vol. 25

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issue 4

27-33

EN

Introduction: The assessment of functional fitness of older people, who took part in different forms of activities e.g. in programs which are offered by UTW, together with the information about the fitness level, can have a great importance in optimization of motor activation of older people. The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes in the level of functional fitness and basic parameters of the anthropometric parameters of older women after 16-weeks activity program offered by University of the Third Age (UTW) at the Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw. Material and methods: Ten women at the age of 72,0±5,40 who attended UTW 1,7±0,48 years took part in the study. Women participated in the activities 2-3 a week, and the major activities were Nordic Walking and gymnastics. Moreover they had a chance to attend Tai Chi, swimming and dancing classes. The Fullerton Functional Fitness Test was used to assess women’s functional fitness. Test was done twice - during the second week and at the end of first semester. Results were evaluated with the usage of norms described for particular test trials and age groups (Jones and Rikli 2002). Measurements and evaluation of basic anthropometric parameters were done as well as Body Mass Index was calculated. Results: At the end of the cycle of activities, it turned out that women achieved better results during the fitness tests than they had after the first test. During evaluation with the usage of norms of Fullerton Fitness Test good level of aerobic endurance, strength and coordination of tested women was noted, however the flexibility test results gave evidence of negligence in this area. It was also discovered that participation in the cycle of physical activities might have been one of the elements that caused positive, considering health, changes in anthropometric parameters of tested women. Reducing of the body mass and the percentage of the fat tissue and regular physical activity had an influence on lean body mass increase. onclusions: Physical activities done by UTW participants during the program, where the major activities were Nordic Walking and gymnastics, had the influence on improvement of their fitness and positive changes in their anthropometric parameters.

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The influence of training loads on the sports results of athletes with visual impairments in the 800 and 1500 m races

Klasyfikacja zawodników w lekkoatletycznych konkurencjach biegowych w świetle wyników uzyskanych na Igrzyskach Paraolimpijskich w latach 2000 – 2012 / Classification of athletes in athletics track events in terms of results obtained during Paralympics Games in years 2000 – 2012

Zmienność wyników sportowych w pływaniu mężczyzn z niepełnosprawnością narządu ruchu na Igrzyskach Paraolimpijskich w latach 2000 – 2012/ Variability of sports results in men’s with locomotor disabilities swimming during the Paralympic Games in the years 2000 – 2012

Aktywność fizyczna osób z problemami onkologicznymi, uczestników Międzynarodowej Onko-Olimpiady Warszawa 2014

The effects of foam rolling of plantar fascia on the arches of the foot and flexibility

Physical Activity and Injuries Relating to Physical Fitness of Professional Firefighters.

Game Efficiency of Wheelchair Rugby Athletes at the 2008 Paralympic Games with Regard to Player Classification

Comparison of the level of coordination motor abilities in boys with sensory impairments and able-bodied peers

Evaluation of functional fitness’ participants of the Universities of the Third Age University of Physical Education in Warsaw