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EN
Introduction: Vaccination is the most effective method of infectious disease prevention. Contemporary technologies have created the possibility of producing vaccines against many diseases. Their use has been facilitated due to the development of combined vaccines aimed at multiple microorganisms. Vaccine regimens differ between countries depending on their epidemiological and population needs. Aim of the study: Assessment of vaccination programme implementation among young patients, including with the use of combined and recommended vaccines in family doctor practices in Białystok, Poland, in 1997–2015. Material and methods: The research material constituted medical records of children aged 0–19 years who were under the care of three family doctor practices in the city of Białystok, Poland. Vaccination cards of 2,804 children born in 1997–2015 have been analysed. Results: Under the official vaccination programme 98.43% of children have been immunised; 42.0% of them received combined pentavalent or hexavalent vaccines (financed by parents) in place of free-of-charge, state-reimbursed vaccines. Recommended vaccines were received by 45.7% of children and adolescents. Recommended vaccinations were rarely used in children aged over 10 years. Among non-mandatory vaccines the most commonly used ones included acellular pertussis component vaccine, which was used to immunise 1,178 (42.0%) children, Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine (18.1%) and rotavirus vaccine (13.0%). Due to a lack of parental consent or contraindications (temporary or permanent) 81 (2.9%) children have not received a full set of vaccinations. Conclusions: 1) The vaccination rate among children receiving mandatory vaccines is high in family doctor practices. 2) Recommended vaccines are more frequently administered to children up to 3 years of age, less frequently to preschool children and even less frequently to schoolchildren. 3) There is a need for parent education on the available effective methods of protecting children against infectious diseases.
PL
Wstęp: Szczepienia ochronne są najskuteczniejszą metodą zapobiegania chorobom zakaźnym. Współczesne technologie stworzyły możliwość produkcji szczepionek przeciwko wielu chorobom oraz ułatwiły ich zastosowanie dzięki opracowaniu szczepionek skojarzonych przeciwko wielu drobnoustrojom. Schematy szczepień ochronnych w poszczególnych państwach różnią się w zależności od potrzeb epidemiologicznych i populacyjnych. Cel pracy: Ocena realizacji Programu Szczepień Ochronnych wśród populacji wieku rozwojowego z uwzględnieniem wykorzystania szczepionek skojarzonych i zalecanych w praktykach lekarzy rodzinnych w Białymstoku w latach 1997–2015. Materiał i metoda: Materiał badawczy stanowiła dokumentacja medyczna dzieci w wieku 0–19 lat znajdujących się pod opieką trzech praktyk lekarza rodzinnego w obrębie miasta Białegostoku. Dokonano analizy 2804 kart szczepień dzieci urodzonych w latach 1997–2015. Wyniki: W ramach Programu Szczepień Ochronnych zaszczepiono 98,43% dzieci, w tym 42,0% szczepionkami skojarzonymi pięcio- lub sześciowalentnymi (opłacanymi przez rodziców) – w miejsce szczepionek bezpłatnych, refundowanych z budżetu państwa. Szczepionkami zalecanymi zaszczepiono 45,7% dzieci i młodzieży. U dzieci powyżej 10. roku życia szczepienia zalecane były rzadko stosowane. Spośród szczepionek nieobowiązkowych najczęściej stosowane były kolejno: szczepionka zawierająca acelularną komponentę krztuścową, którą zaszczepiono 1178 (42,0%) dzieci, szczepionka przeciwko zakażeniom wywołanym przez Streptococcus pneumoniae (18,1%) oraz szczepionka przeciwko rotawirusom (13,0%). Z powodu braku zgody rodziców lub ze względu na przeciwwskazania (czasowe bądź stałe) pełnego programu szczepień obowiązkowych nie zrealizowano u 81 (2,9%) dzieci. Wnioski: 1) Wyszczepialność dzieci szczepionkami obowiązkowymi w praktykach lekarzy rodzinnych jest wysoka. 2) Szczepienia zalecane są częściej wykonywane wśród dzieci do 3. roku życia, natomiast rzadziej u dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym, a najrzadziej – w wieku szkolnym. 3) Istnieje potrzeba edukacji rodziców na temat dostępnych, skutecznych metod zabezpieczania dzieci przed chorobami zakaźnymi.
EN
Introduction. Patient satisfaction surveys are still popular tools for obtaining feedback on the quality of health care. Nonetheless, there is a paucity of data to indicate whether health care providers even want patients to assess the quality of care delivered. Neither it is certain whether patients are interested in participating in such surveys. Aim. To present and compare the perspectives of doctors, nurses, and patients on the validity of health care customer satisfaction surveys. Material and methods. A cross-sectional survey design was used. The questionnaires were administered to doctors, nurses and patients in three hospitals of different sizes (small, medium, and large), all in the north-east of Poland. Each sample group was given 200 questionnaires; responses were received from 95 doctors (47.5%), 190 nurses (95%), and 182 patients (91%), and included in the final analyses. Results. Most respondents (doctors - 64.2%; nurses - 61.6%; patients - 87.4%) answered ‘Yes’ to the question ‘Do you think that patients should evaluate the quality of health care?’ Analysis of data allowed to identify the following main reasons why patients should evaluate the quality of health care: 1. to enhance the quality of care; 2. to recognise patients as evaluators; 3. to motivate providers to work more efficiently; and 4. to emphasise the impact of evaluation on a core value, i.e. health. Doctors and nurses outlined reasons why they did not advocate conducting patient satisfaction surveys: satisfaction surveys are redundant; negative evaluations; unwillingness to be evaluated by patients; satisfaction surveys hamper effective work with patients; surveys are not objective; survey results are not communicated to providers. Conclusions. Patient satisfaction surveys are desirable tools for evaluating the quality of health care delivery despite the fact that they frequently raise concerns amongst providers and patients. There is, therefore, a definite need for providers to experience the benefits of measuring patient satisfaction. Another important practical implication is that patients need to be convinced that their opinions do matter and contribute to improving the quality of services.
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