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1
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Topographic and Energetic Heterogeneity Studies of Oxidized Graphite Surface by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy/Spectroscopy and Photoelectron Spectroscopy

100%
Klusek Z.
Acta Physica Polonica A
|
1997
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vol. 91
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issue 3
569-582
EN
Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used to study oxidation effects of nitric acid on a highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite surface. Various etching times at constant temperature are applied in order to create local binding sites on the surface without creating deep defects. A single and paired chains structure, different from pure graphite at atomic scale, is shown by scanning tunneling microscopy. This can be explained by the presence of oxygenate groups on the surface, revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Both scanning tunneling spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrate the vanishing of π bands characteristic of sp^{2} graphite hybridization. This, in turn, can be explained by dehybridization related to new bondings of the graphite carbons in the oxygenate groups. An important result of area averaging spectroscopy is the observed energetic heterogeneity considered in terms of the changes of local electronic density of states of the oxidized surface.
2
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Oxidation Studies of the Graphite Surface by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Photoelectron Spectroscopy

51%
Klusek Z., Phaner M., Krapf P., Porte L.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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1994
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vol. 86
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issue 6
947-954
EN
Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to study oxidation effects of nitric acid on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface. This treatment was performed at different temperatures and etching times with the aim of realizing local binding sites on the surface without creating deep defects. Then these three technics were found in good agreement to characterize the weakly oxidized surface. A wavy structure different from pure graphite at atomic scale was imaged by scanning tunneling microscopy. This modification was correlated to the presence of carboxylic groups on the surface revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Both spectroscopies of scanning tunneling and X-ray photoelectron demonstrated the vanishing of π bands characteristic from sp^{2} graphitic hybridization. This was attributed to dehybridization corresponding to new bondings of the graphite carbons in the carboxylic groups.
3
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Scanning Tunneling Microscopy/Spectroscopy Investigations of the Interference Effects Caused by the Circular Pits on the Thermally Oxidized graphite Surface

51%
Klusek Z., Kalinowski M., Olejniczak W., Kobierski P.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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1998
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vol. 93
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issue 2
415-420
EN
The thermal oxidation of the graphite leads to the removal of monoatomic carbon layers from the surface and formation of circular pits on the exposed plane. Near the pit edges the scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements show a series of very narrow flat regions on the I/V characteristics. The observed I/V flat regions appear only when the characteristic is recorded very close to the pit edges. The appearance of tunneling current steps can be explained by the oscillating character of the local density of states near the pit edges. A simple quantum mechanical model in 2D based on boundary condition for an electron wave function is proposed.
4
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A Fully Computerized Scanning Tunnelling Microscope

39%
Chwiałkowski M., Klusek Z., Kobierski P., Olejniczak W., Sławski M., Witek A.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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1993
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vol. 83
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issue 5
621-628
EN
A new, fully computerized and inexpensive, scanning tunnelling microscope was designed and built. Its key design feature is the application of the high sensitivity bimorph, for the coarse positioning of the bimorph is > 0.03 mm and can be divided up to the 12 bit number of steps. The bimorph positioning implies that this microscope is fully computer controlled, and using of bimorph instead of inch-worm implies low cost of the unit. The microscope can create images of the surface in the constant current mode and in the imaging current mode. The presented microscope works with the z-axis analog or digital feedback loop optionally. All parameters of the analog and digital feedback loop are computer controlled. Due to the digital z-axis feedback loop benefits, electron tunneling spectroscopy mode is naturally accessible. The performance of the microscope was tested in air by imaging of surface of HOPG (high oriented pyrolytic graphite).
5
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High-Temperature Scanning Tunnelling Spectroscopy of Transition Metal Oxides

33%
Klusek Z., Datta P., Kowalczyk P., Pierzgalski S., Busiakiewicz A., Olejniczak W., Basu A., Brinkman A.
Acta Physica Polonica A
|
2003
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vol. 104
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issue 3-4
245-258
EN
In situ high-temperature scanning tunnelling spectroscopy measure-ments recorded on the heavily reduced TiO_2(110) surface which contains Ti_2O_3 regions showed disappearance of the energy gap accompanied by substantial decrease in amplitude of the band edge states with increasing temperature. It indicates smooth insulator-metal transition caused by bands overlap in Ti_2O_3, which takes place at elevated temperatures. In situ high-temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy were used to study the influence of temperature on the electronic properties of Ni_xMn_{3-x}O_{3-δ} (0.4< x<1) thin films deposited by rf magnetron sputtering at three different oxygen/argon (2.5%, 10%, 15%) containing ambient. The morphology and distribution of the local density of states of the observed films did not show any difference for the films deposited at different conditions. The distribution of the local density of states was temperature dependent. The changes in the shape of the local density of states observed at 473 K were reversible with temperature implying that no permanent change of the electronic structure occurred.
6
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GaSb Dots Grown on GaAs Surface by Metalorganic Chemical Vapour Deposition

33%
Bożek R., Babiński A., Baranowski J. M., Stępniewski R., Klusek Z., Olejniczak W., Starowieyski K., Wróbel J.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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1995
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vol. 88
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issue 5
974-976
EN
We report metaloorganic chemical vapour deposition growth of an anisotropic GaSb islands on GaAs (001) surface with a typical dimensions around 200 nm. Results of investigations employing scanning electron microscope, scanning tunnelling microscope and ph9tocapacitance are presented.
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