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Influence of genetic and environmental factors on anther culture response of wheat

100%
Zhou H., Konzak C. F.
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vol. 38
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issue 4
393-406
EN
The influences of genetic and environmental factors on the anther culture responses of wheat were investigated. Significant differences for callus induction, plant regeneration, and green plant percentages were observed when the nucleus of Triticum aestivum L. cv. Selkirk was transferred to ten alien cytoplasms by substitution backcrosses. In most cases, the alien cytoplasms decreased anther culture responses, but sometimes they were as good as or better than the T. aestivum cytoplasm. Significant within-genotype variation for anther culture responses were observed for wheat varieties Chris, Yecora Rojo, WA7176 and Edwall, indicating genetic heterogeneity in the present commercial cultivars, and potential for improving anther culture responses by in vitro prescreening. When five genotypes (Chris, Pavon 76, Butte 86, WA6916, and Edwall) were cultured across three (potato-4 liquid, 100 g L-1 ficoll-supplemented, and 6 g L-1 agar-solidified) induction media, the liquid and ficoll-containing media were 10 to 15 times more productive than the agar-solidified medium. Whereas, the ficoll medium was not significantly different from the liquid medium. Several low concentration starch media appeared promising to replace current induction media. The starch media sustained the high-callus-induction properties of the liquid medium, while improving callus aeration similar to that observed on solid media, resulting in markedly higher plant regeneration and green plant percentages.
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A novel Δ12-fatty acid desaturase gene from methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris GS115

71%
SH Wei D., CH Li M., Zhang X. X., Zhou H., Xing L. J.
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2006
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vol. 53
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issue 4
753-759
EN
The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris GS115, a widely used strain in production of various heterologous proteins, especially membrane-bound enzymes, can also produce linoleic and linolenic acids, which indicates the existence of membrane-bound Δ12 and Δ15-fatty acid desaturases. This paper describes the cloning and functional characterization of a novel Δ12-fatty acid desaturase gene from this methylotrophic yeast. The open reading frame of the gene (named Pp-FAD12) is 1263 bp in size and encodes a 420-amino-acid peptide. The deduced Pp-FAD12 protein shows high identity (50-67%) with Δ12-fatty acid desaturases from other fungi. It also shows a high identity (57%) with Δ15-fatty acid desaturase (named Sk-FAD15) from Saccharomyces kluyveri. Expression of Pp-FAD12 in polyunsaturated fatty acids non-producing yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae demonstrated that its product converted oleic acid (18 : 1) to linoleic acid (18 : 2). This result suggests that Pp-FAD12 encodes a novel Δ12-fatty acid desaturase in P. pastoris GS115. This is the first report about the cloning and functional characterization of Δ12-fatty acid desaturase gene in methylotrophic yeast.
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