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Temporal Variation of Total Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus in Surface Waters from the Lower Çoruh River Basin, Turkey

100%
Bayram A., Kenanoğlu M.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2017
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vol. 132
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issue 3
712-716
EN
The aim of this study is to monitor and assess the surface water quality in the Lower Çoruh River Basin, northeast Turkey. Several key water-quality indicators were measured: total nitrogen, total phosphate phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand, and chlorophyll a (Chl a). In situ monitoring and the surface water sampling studies in the Çoruh River, the Murgul Stream, and the Borçka Dam Lake were conducted monthly during a period of one year. On an annual basis, the Çoruh River had a little bit higher total nitrogen concentration ranging from 0.335 mg/l to 1.300 mg/l, but a little bit lower chemical oxygen demand concentration varying between 2.66 mg/l and 9.12 mg/l, compared to Murgul Stream. Total phosphate phosphorus concentration was almost the same throughout the lower basin and was about 0.090 mg/l. Chl a concentration, which was 1.422 μg/l in Çoruh and 1.062 μg/l in Murgul, had shown an increasing trend and reached 3.193 μg/l in the Borçka Dam Lake. The measured results reveal that the Çoruh River and the Murgul Stream have high-quality water, considering total nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand, but slightly polluted water regarding total phosphate phosphorus, with reference to the Turkish Surface Water Quality Regulation. The Borçka Dam Lake was classified as oligotrophic in terms of Chl a, mesotrophic in terms of total nitrogen, and eutrophic in terms of total phosphate phosphorus. Considering the decrease in the annual average values of total nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand, it is concluded that the Borçka Dam Lake had a positive effect on the surface water quality in the Lower Çoruh River Basin.
2
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An Investigation on Surface and Electrical Properties of Electrical Discharge Machined AISI D2 Tool Steel

81%
Durmus A., Bayram A., Gunes S., Akay S.
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vol. 125
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issue 2
515-517
EN
The effects of pulse-on duration and finishing operation on the surface roughness and electrical resistivity of AISI D2 tool steel machined by the electrical discharge machining process are investigated. Experimental results indicate that surface roughness increased depending on the pulse-on duration. However, after the specific value, surface roughness is decreased. It can be seen that there are no notable effects of the pulse-on duration on the electrical resistivity, but the resistivity values are affected by the heat treatment and the finishing operation. Also, light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy have been used to study the characteristics of the surfaces.
3
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Fluoride Levels in the Eastern Black Sea Basin Streams, Turkey

81%
Bayram A., Satilmiş U., Nas S., Kemer B.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2017
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vol. 132
|
issue 3
861-865
EN
The aim of this study is to monitor the fluoride ion (F¯), as well as chloride ion (Cl¯), variation in the Eastern Black Sea Basin streams, and to evaluate drinking water quality of these streams, with reference to national and international directives and guidelines. The water samples (240) were semimonthly collected from three surface water resources, namely from the Değirmendere and Galyan streams in Trabzon Province, the biggest city on the Southeastern Black Sea Coast with a total population of 768 417, and the Harşit Stream in Gümüşhane and Giresun provinces. The monitoring results have revealed that the average F¯ concentration had varied between 0.154 and 0.200 mg/l in the Değirmendere Stream and between 0.156 and 0.163 mg/l in the Galyan Stream, respectively. However, the treated stream waters had lower F¯ concentrations, varying between 0.010 and 0.080 mg/l, than the untreated stream waters. In the Harşit Stream, the average F¯ concentrations were at relatively higher values, which ranged from 0.211 to 0.296 mg/l, in the uppermost stations, however showed a steadily decreasing trend throughout the lowermost stations and fell from 0.230 to 0.141 mg/l due to the hydropower dam reservoirs, namely Torul, Kürtün, and Akköy, operated in the watershed. The average Cl¯ concentrations have varied between 2.00 and 6.48 mg/l. On the one hand, the waters from the Değirmendere, Galyan, and Harşit streams are classified as high quality, considering the upper threshold values of 1.5 mg F¯/l and 250 mg Cl¯/l. On the other hand, these streams can be regarded as the fluoride-poor water resources.
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