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Microbial transformation of citral by Penicillium sp.

100%
Esmaeili A., Tavassoli A.
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2010
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vol. 57
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issue 3
265-268
EN
Thymol is present in the essential oils from herbs and spices, such as thyme. It is produced by these plant species as a chemical defense against phytopathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, this compound has attracted great attention in food industry, i.e., it has been used as a natural preservative in foods such as cheese to prevent fungal growth. Previous studies concerning the biotransformation of nerol by Penicillium sp. and microbial transformation of citral by sporulated surface cultures method (SSCM) of Penicillium digitatum have been reported. The objective of this research was to study the pathway involved during biotransformation of citral by Penicillium sp. using two methods. The culture preparation was done using different microbial methods and incubation periods to obtain Penicillium for citral biotransformation. The biotransformation products were identified by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). A comparison of the two methods showed that SSCM was more effective, its major products were thymol (21.5%), geranial (18.6%) and nerol (13.7%). LM produced only one compound - thymol - with a low efficiency.
2
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Biological activities and chemical composition of solvent extracts of Stoechospermum marginatum (C. Agardh)

100%
Esmaeili A., Khakpoor M.
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2012
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vol. 59
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issue 4
581-585
EN
The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition CH3OH-CH2Cl2 (1:1) extract and biological activities of various extracts derived from the aerial parts of the brown marine alga Stoechospermum marginatum (C. Agardh). Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) were used to analyze the composition of the essential oil. Total phenolics assay demonstrated a high value in hexane extract (HE), with a lower value for chloroform extract (CE), and the lowest value for methanol extract (ME). DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay showed that extracts of S. marginatum possess radical scavenging activity (RSA). Tests of the antioxidant property of the extracts revealed both electron and hydrogen transfer mechanisms. The antibacterial activity of the ME, CE, and HE as well as an ethanol extract was estimated against seven Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The ethanol extract showed the highest antibacterial activity, and the HE showed the lowest.
3
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Biosorption of Pb (II) from aqueous solutions by modified of two kinds of marine algae,Sargassum glaucescensandGracilaria corticata

81%
Esmaeili A., Kalantari M., Saremnia B.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2012
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vol. 14
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issue 2
22-28
EN
In this research, the batch removal of Pb2+ ions from wastewater and aqueous solution with the use o two different modified algae Gracilaria corticata (red algae) and Sargassum glaucescens (brown algae) was examined. The experiment was performed in a batch system and the effect of the pH solution; initial concentration and contact time on biosorption by both biomasses were investigated and compared. When we used S. glaucescens as a biosorbent, the optima conditions of pH, Pb2+ concentration and equilibrium time were at 5, 200 mg/L and 70 min, in the range of 95.6% removal. When G. corticata was used for this process, pH 3, 15 mg/L pb2+ concentration and 50 min contact time, resulted in the maximum removal (86.4%). The equilibrium adsorption data are fitted to the Frundlich and Langmuir isotherm model, by S. glaucescens and G. corticata, respectively. The pb2+ uptake by both biosorbent was best described by the second-order rate model.
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