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  1. 1 Novel Superconducting Materials

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  1. 1 2015

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  1. 1 Yanagisawa T.

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Nambu-Goldstone-Leggett modes in multi-condensate superconductors

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Yanagisawa T.
Novel Superconducting Materials
|
2015
|
vol. 1
|
issue 1
EN
Multi-gap superconductors exhibit interesting properties. In an N-gap superconductor, we have in general U(1)N phase invariance. This multiple-phase invariance is partially or totally spontaneously broken in a superconductor. The Nambu-Goldstone modes, as well as Higgs modes, are important and will play an important role in multi-condensate superconductors. The additional phase invariance leads to a new quantum phase, with help of frustrated Josephson effects, such as the time-reversal symmetry breaking, the emergence of massless modes and fractionally quantized-flux vortices. There is a possibility that half-flux vortices exist in two-component superconductors in a magnetic field. The half-quantum flux vortex can be interpreted as a monopole, and two half-flux vortices form a bound state connected by a domain wall. There is an interesting analogy between quarks and fractionally quantized-flux vortices in superconductors.
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