Generation of electron wave packets by space inhomogeneous light pulses is studied in low-dimensional semiconductor systems. Examination of their free propagation for ultrashort times as well as in the stationary excitation regime is performed. Non-classical effects related to the inhomogeneity of the source are predicted.
Article presents results on the analysis of secondary phases formed in the medium-term static isothermal ageing welding joints of a SUPER 304H (675°C/2×10⁴ h). The investigations of the precipitates were focused on the occurrence of σ-phase because its formation leads to significant deterioration of mechanical properties. The microstructure was investigated on microscopic level by scanning/transmission electron microscopy. The distribution and quantification of brittle σ-phase were studied on macroscopic level by color etching method using light optical microscopy. The effect of microstructural changes (σ-phase formation) on the impact strength of an aged base material was investigated. For comparison impact tests on received state material were also performed. The results showed that long-term ageing led to the significant reduction of impact strength as a result of the formation of the σ-phase. It was found that the σ-phase distribution is influenced by welding process. The influence of brittle σ-phase on long-term durability of the degraded steel regarding its insufficient impact strength has been discussed.
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