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  1. 1051 Biotechnologia

  2. 20 World News of Natural Sciences

  3. 6 Zeszyty Naukowe Towarzystwa Doktorantów Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. Nauki Ścisłe

  4. 3 Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives

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  1. 28 Grajek W.

  2. 19 Twardowski T.

  3. 17 Figlerowicz M.

  4. 17 Smorag Z.

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1

The effectiveness in vitro of Trichoderma harzianum against Ophiostoma piceae and the influence of trichomil treatment on germination of a corns and growth of oak seedlings

100%
Foffova E.
Biotechnologia
|
1993
|
issue 1
32-36
2

Interleukin-2 gene therapy potentiates tha antitumor effect of cytostatic agent in mice with advanced transplantable tumors

100%
Pajtasz-Piasecka E., Radzikowski C.
Biotechnologia
|
1996
|
issue 4
68-79
EN
The combination of one dose of the cytostatic agent (bromoanalog of ifosfamide) administration with subsequent peritumoral injections of the cytokine-producing cells was observed to be more efficient in the tumor growth inhibition as compared with the cytostatic alone.
3

Glucosyltransferases and glucans of mutans Streptococci as virulence factors in the pathogenesis of dental caries

100%
Wiater A., Szczodrak J.
Biotechnologia
|
2003
|
issue 3
193-206
EN
Mutans streptococci Streptococcus mutans and S. sobrinus play central role in the etiology of human dental caries due to their acidogenic potential and ability to form extracellular water-insoluble and water-soluble glucans in the presence of dietary sucrose. Streptococcal glucans are synthesized by a constitutive group of extracellular and/or cell-associated enzymes showing glucosyltransferase (GTF) activity. Each enzyme has distinctive properties, varying in its requirement for a glucan primer molecule, the proportion of alpha(1-6)- and alpha(1-3)-linkages, the degree of branching it introduces into the glucan, and the total length of glucan chain produced. Moreover, the overall properties of glucan depend on the relative activity of different GTF enzymes, as well as on their interactions, since one GTF may modify the product of another. This review article presents recent trends in the investigations on streptococcal GTFs and glucans. Particular emphasis has been laid on catalytic properties and molecular structure of different GTFs and on the mechanism of synthesis of specific glucans. Furthermore, the role of these enzymes and their products in the pathogenesis of dental caries is also discussed.
4

Microbiological degradation of organophosphorous compounds containing C-P bond

100%
Klimek-Ochab M., Obojska A., Lejczak B.
Biotechnologia
|
2004
|
issue 1
68-84
EN
Phosphonates constitute a class of biogenic and xenobiotic compounds characterized by the presence of a direct carbon-to-phosphorus linkage. The C-P bond is extremely stable and resistant to degradation. Phosphonates are of widespread use these days and much interest has been paid over the past years to their environmental fate and possible eco-toxicity. This review is devoted to the processes of microbial degradation of phosphonates, covering various aspects of metabolic pathways and regulation.
5

Citrate synthase - key enzyme of every cell

100%
Robak M.
Biotechnologia
|
2000
|
issue 2
111-119
EN
This article reviews the current knowledge on the key cellular enzyme: citrate synthase [E.C.4.1.3.7]. The paper includes the description of genes, protein and active side structures, multienzyme complex formation, cellular functions and kinetic parameters. Some possible biotechnological application are presented.
6

Characterization of mammalian oocyte competence to undergo fertilization and embryonic development: II. Regulation of cytoplasmic and genomic maturation

100%
Opiela J., Katska-Ksiazkiewicz L.
Biotechnologia
|
2005
|
issue 2
151-162
EN
Near the end of the growth phase, mammalian oocyte achieves competence to undergo three aspects of maturation, i.e. nuclear, cytoplasmic and genomic. This review will consider some aspects of cytoplasmic and genomic maturation, as the nuclear maturation was already presented. The roles of the protein synthesis, bi-directional communication between oocyte and granulosa cells and calcium oscillations required for acquiring cytoplasmic maturation are discussed. The relevant information on genomic imprinting that causes functional differences between paternal and maternal genomes and plays an essential role in mammalian development is reviewed. Moreover, the present findings regarding oocyte-specific genes required for expression of cytoplasmic and genomic competencies are described.
7

Iron - element of life and death

100%
Strozycki P. M.
Biotechnologia
|
1999
|
issue 3
45-61
EN
Iron is the fourth most abundant element and second, after aluminium, metal in the Earth's crust. It is an essential nutrient for almost all living organisms. Iron is a component of hundreds proteins, enzymes and their cofactors. It is a central part of numerous systems, such as: oxygen transport and storage (hemoglobin), elektron transfer (cytochromes), DNA synthesis (ribonucleotide reduction), symbiotic nitrogen fixation (leghemoglobin, nitrogenase), hormone synthesis (i.e. lipoxygenases)... Due to its chemical properties, iron also poses a threat to living cells. It may catalyse one-electron transfer reactions, which (in the presence of active oxygen) generate radical species. Free radicals are the most potent oxidising agents known thus far. The best known effects of their actions include: oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation. These reactions destroy the cell integrity and may lead to its death. Many of the 20th century diseases, like some cancers or heart problems, are in part caused by free radicals. In order to supply with iron and to protect from iron their components, living organisms have developed specific systems for iron acquisition and maintenance in the cell. Despite the potential risks of iron overload, 15% of the world's population suffers iron-deficiency anemia.
8

Nitrogen and phosphorus compounds removal by immobilized activated sludge in Sequencing Batch Reactor

100%
Wojnowska-Baryla I., Stachowiak D., Klimiuk E.
Biotechnologia
|
1997
|
issue 3
78-87
EN
Activated sludge with enhanced ability of phosphorus storage and nitrification immobilized in alginate and alginate-PVA was applied to remove phosphorus and nitrogen from waste water. The activated sludge immobilized in alginate achieved higher efficiency of phosphorus removal. It was 18% higher than in the case of activated sludge. The rates of nitrogen removal by the activated sludge and the activated sludge immobilized in alginate were similar and amounted to 0.021 and 0.190 mg TN?g-1MLSS?min-1. For the activated sludge immobilized in alginate the nitrification rate was 6 times lower than for the activated sludge. However, in the activated sludge immobilized in alginate-PVA nitrification did not occur.
9

The yield of biosurfactants synthesis by Candida antarctica depending on medium composition and growth conditions

100%
Adamczak M., Bednarski W.
Biotechnologia
|
2000
|
issue 3
181-192
EN
Synthesis of surface active agents by Candida antarctica was considered. Based on chemical structure it was found that biosurfactants synthesized by yeast are glycolipids. Yield of glycolipid synthesis was depended on carbon source (lipids, carbohydrates) in the medium. Synthesis of biosurfactants by C. antarctica was induced by the presence of oils in the medium. During cultivation of C. antarctica in a fermenter with a medium containing soybean oil 45.49 g/dm3 of glycolipids was obtained.
10
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Diesel hydrocarbons biodegradation by Myroide odoratimimus

100%
Divya U. K., Saranya A., Suganthi R.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2018
|
vol. 20
182-195
EN
Biodegradation can be a possible and effective retort to soil contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons. Nowadays there are many cases of accidental releases of petroleum products into the environment. Use of biological agents especially microorganism is effective in degradation of complex organic contaminants to other simpler organic compounds. In our present study role of Myroide odoratimimus in degrading the diesel components present in soil to simpler units were checked. The study demonstrates that Myroides odoratimimus (SKS 05) showed the ability to degrade diesel after 40 days of incubation in the diesel adsorbed soil with a growth rate of 6.2×106 CFU/ml and from the GC study Myroides odoratimimus degraded the component Dotriacontane (25.471), Hexatriacontane (27.98), Tetracosane (30.296), Pentatriacontane (32.42), Tetrapentacontane (34.39) present in the diesel adsorbed soil, which was confirmed by the reduction in the peak height and the peak area in comparison to the control {without Myroides odoratimimus (SKS 05).
11

Heart of transgenic pigs as a substitute of human heart. Expectations and reality

100%
Grzybowski G., Lubieniecka J., Kantoch M. J.
Biotechnologia
|
1998
|
issue 3
21-34
EN
The authors discuss hopes and fears, expectations and reality of xenotransplantations.
12

Promoters of higher plant mitochondrial genes

100%
Augustyniak H., Lesniewicz K., Rurek M.
Biotechnologia
|
2002
|
issue 3
61-73
EN
Mitochondrial genetic system, comprising genome, transcription and translation processes play essential role in the function of mitochondria and thus for the survival of plants. The pathway from the genetic information encoded in the DNA to the functional protein leads through a very diverse RNA world. In this article, the current results obtained in the examination of plant mitochondrial transcription are described. Recent developments in the characterisation of promoter structure are presented.
13

Tannins and their enzymatic degradation

100%
Pleszczynska M., Szczodrak J.
Biotechnologia
|
2005
|
issue 1
152-165
EN
Tannins as compounds of plant biomass seem to be a very useful raw material for an effective bioconversion. This is due to their abundance and renewability as well as the possibility of producing various chemicals and curative preparations from this source. On the other hand, enzymatic removal of tannins from agricultural feedstocks by tannase is very important for production of digestible feed and food products, clarified beverages and fruit juices or instant tea. This article presents a review of information on tannins and their hydrolysis by microbial tannase. Special attention has been paid to chemical structure of tannins and their negative or positive effects on organisms as well as the production of tannase and its biochemical properties. Most promising prospects for the practical applications of tannase in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and leather industries are also discussed.
14

Laccase-mediated reactions ? mechanism and biotechnology applications

100%
Polak J., Jarosz-Wilkolazka A.
|
2007
|
issue 4
82-94
EN
Laccases catalyze oxidative conversion of a broad range of substrates such as phenols or lignin-derivatives. They also have an ability to induce oxidative coupling reactions of the free radical intermediates to related phenolic structures. The application of laccases-mediated coupling reactions in white biotechnology represents a promising alternative to chemical synthesis of products of commercial importance. The goal of this review was to present potential application of fungal laccases, focusing specifically on their use as biocatalysts in environmental friendly synthesis of new molecules.
15

Transgenic animals in agriculture and medicine

100%
Rosochacki S. J., Zwierzchowski L.
Biotechnologia
|
1999
|
issue 2
7-24
EN
One of the most important issues in the use of transgenic technology in animal breeding is production of meat. For that purpose growth enhancing DNA sequences are introduced to the genome of pigs, sheep, cattle, rabbits and fish. The structural elements of the introduced genes usually GH, GRF or IGF-I, which are combined with the regulatory elements. In the case of transgenic swine, the higher growth rate, and the lower fat content were achieved by using these gene constructs. However, a number of such swines were sterile and had some other pathological problems. Similar and even more serious problems, were noticed in the case of transgenic sheep up. To date, most transgenic livestock projects focused on enhancing growth in farm animals by overexpressing growth hormone have to pathological changes in transgenic farm animals; only in transgenic fish no such problems have been ecountered. Fast growing transgenic trouts, carps and salmons carrying the so called 'all fish gene constructs' could be used even right now as food. Another goal in transgenic livestock projects is manufacturing of biologicaly active human proteins in the mammary gland. Transgenic sheep, goats, pigs and cows which produce human pharmaceuticals in their milk have been obtained. Some of such proteins undergo clinical trials. In another arena, it is planned to modify the milk of ruminants in order to obtain better product, which will be used in the dairy industry. It is possible to introduce more copies of milk protein genes into the genome, 'improving' the existing genes, or to inhibit the expression of some genes - thus reducing or eliminating the production of unwanted proteins. Another way to modify milk composition is the so called 'humanisation' of cow's milk by changing the proportion of cow's to human proteins. So far, all these modifications in the area of milk proteins are done mostly on laboratory animals and the introduction of these possibilities to farm animals would be desirable. Except for fish, transgenic farm animals are relatively safe to the environment; the probability of transgenic animals surviving and reproducing out of farms is rather very low. On the contrary, introduction of highly productive farm animals (cows, pigs) to breeding would be profitable to the environment and the called 'transgenic bioreactors' would also cause decrease of chemical or pharmaceutical industry contamination to the environment. For consumers, the products obtained from transgenic animals should be safe. 'Transgenic' products, which normaly exist in the nature, are not more unsafe than their natural counterparts. There is a clear consumer demand for testing all new products which normaly do not exist in the nature, i.e. proteins with totaly new amino acid sequence, before their introducing into the market. However, this is also valid for all novel food products, not only those obtained by biotechnology.
16

MicroRNA in pathogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

100%
Szaumkessel M., Szyfter K.
Biotechnologia
|
2010
|
issue 3
64-74
EN
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth cancer in regard of both incidence and poor effect of treatment therapies, manifested in low cure rates (5-year survival rate ? 50%). The molecular heterogeneity found in HNSCC is the main reason why the already published data has not been sufficient to develop reliable prognostic tests and efficient therapies. A novel group of small non-coding RNA molecules (microRNA or miRNA) has been identified and proved to be strongly involved in cancer. However, the existing data does not specifically address microRNA involvement in HNSCC development and progression. This report summarizes the state-of-art concerning miRNA research in head and neck cancer and provides a list of miRNAs potentially involved in HNSCC pathogenesis.
17

Erythrocyte destruction under shear stresses

100%
Pohorecki R., Ryszczuk A., Baldyga J., Motyl T.
Biotechnologia
|
2002
|
issue 2
33-47
EN
Erythrocyte destruction in laminar (Couette) flow was investigated. Critical values of the shear stress for ovine erythrocytes from two donors were determined. Large individual differences between erythrocytes from the two donors suggest that individual determination of shear stress resistance for each donor is necessary, and that the determination of shear stress resistance might be of diagnostic value.
18

Ribozymes - tools for inhibition of gene expression

100%
Wozniak L. A.
Biotechnologia
|
1994
|
issue 4
79-91
EN
Catalytic properties of RNA are presented.Their potential use as gene expression inhibitors is discussed.
19

Selected issues of non-conventional enzymology Part I. ? Characterization of enzymatic processes carried out in a medium with subcritically low water content

100%
Antczak T., Szczesna-Antczak M.
Biotechnologia
|
2003
|
issue 3
124-138
EN
Enzymology of non-aqueous media, also termed a non-conventional enzymology, is a discipline focused on chemical reactions catalysed by enzymes in the media other than water. However, such environments always contain certain amount of water, either dissolved in a solvent or enzyme-bound. The latter fraction of water is called an essential one, and it is crucial for the non-aqueous enzymology, since it stabilises the conformation of protein molecule and determines its enzymatic activity. The paper presents structure, function, and methods of assays of the enzyme-bound water together with other water forms that can also be found in reaction milieu. The methods of regulation of enzymatic activity in non-aqueous media by using compounds capable of associating with polar atoms of amino acid residues involved in catalysis, and thus positively influencing activity of enzymes, have also been discussed. The factors giving rise to a decrease in catalytic activity of enzymes under non-aqueous conditions, and methods of prevention against this phenomenon have also been analysed.
20

Biodegradable packaging materials

100%
Leszczynski W.
Biotechnologia
|
1999
|
issue 2
50-64
EN
The amount of synthetic wastes has been increasing all around the world, including Poland. Used packages cause serious economic and environmental problems because they are hardly degradable, long-life products. New packing materials have been developed which are biodegradable under natural conditions. They are based on synthetic polymers as well as microbial, plant and animal origin polymers. Chemically synthetic biodegradable materials include: polycaprolactone, polylactic acid and polyvinyl alcohol. Microbial plastics include: bacterial polyhydroxyacid alkanoates and pullulan. Plant and animal polymers include: proteins, alginate, cellulose and starch and its derivates. New packaging materials usually contain starch which facilitates biodegradation. High proportion of starch decreases the mechanical properties of the material, while low starch content reduces its capacity of biodegradation. Studies are carried out on the use of thermoplastic starch (destructured during extrusion) for biodegradable materials in which it occurs alone or in combination with different synthetic polymers.
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