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Ökologische Bedeutung und Naturschutzpotential linienförmiger Biotope der Agrarlandschaft

100%

Link M., Giessen I. G. U. J. L. w.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Physica

2004

vol. 6

Na podstawie badań przeprowadzonych w środkowej Hesji Autor dokonał podziału typologicznego linearnych struktur trawiasto-zielnych, przedstawił charakterystykę ekologiczną miedzy typowej i miedzy podlegającej sukcesji oraz wykazał związki między liczebnością gatunków roślin a intensywnością zagospodarowania powierzchni sąsiadujących z różnymi formami miedz. Praktycznym aspektem przeprowadzonych badań jest określenie minimalnej szerokości miedzy, przy której występuje jeszcze znacząca liczba gatunków roślin.

Grass and herbal dominated small line structures possess high significance for the conservation of species and biotopes in the actual cultural landscape of Germany. This paper categorizes and specifies herbal ridges, central stripes of lanes and pasture fences. These biotope-types are then differentiated to herbaceous seams. The floristic and vegetational composition of herbal line structure elements is analysed at four different levels, which are: species inventory, floristic types, phytocoenoses and nano vegetation complexes. Each level is characterized by its species and biotope conservation value. While floristic types are useful for ecohabitat aspects and species conservation, nano vegetation complexes are advised for work on large areas. The ecological significance of a herb-dominated small line biotope depends decisively on the production intensity of the land use above it (uplier), its cultivation state and its breadth. Line structures serve as refugial habitats. Starting from here the recolonization of adjacent grasslands and arable ground takes place. In order to perform this function in the future, preservation of these line structures is needed. An extensivation in agriculture over large areas will secure these efforts. Biotope-binding measures without large area extensivation of agriculture will only delay the destruction of the line biotopes left. Care should be spent on the methods used to maintain line structures, especially whether they are realistic. The effective shelter of herb-dominated small line structures is difficult because information on their composition lacks. Agriculture plays an important role in the management of these structures. Central demandments to an effective conservation of herb-dominated small line structures are: Reduction of nutrient flow into these structures (reduction of production intensity on 6kologische Bedeutung und Naturschutzpotential ... 111 adjacent fields, buffer strips), guarantee of line structure management and keeping a minimum breadth of line structures (depending on the nature area between 2.5 and 3 m). The joining of Poland to the European Union causes several problems to agriculture and biodiversity. There will be exist less linear structures after this change. There are two steps to conserve linear biotopes; fIrst to investigate the status quo of biodiversity and second to initiate conservation of linear structures.

Różnorodność biologiczna obszarów Polski Środkowej i propozycje jej ochrony

39%

Krysiak S., Kucharski L., Link M., Majchrowska A., Papińska E., Sieradzki J., Uniwersytet Łódzki K. G. F., Uniwersytet Łódzki K. O. P., Gissen I. G. U. J. L. w.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Physica

2004

vol. 6

After Poland joins the European Union Polish agriculture will face significant structural changes, with the consequent loss of biological diversity. With the aim of taking actions to prevent the degradation of agricultural landscape, in 2002 a common research project "Biodiversity of agricultural landscape of Central Poland and its expected changes in connection with the transformations of agrarian structure after Polish accession to the EU" was started by an international team from the University of Łódź and Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Germany. The principal aim of the research is to assess the current state, expected future changes and threats to biodiversity in agricultural areas of Central Poland. The issue of the protection of agricultural landscapes accords "The national strategy for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity" announced by the Ministry of the Environment. The investigation will include the following tasks: - to determine the landscape structure of the study area - delimitation of morpholithohydrotopes; - to describe the current land use; - to analyse the floristic diversity of the studied habitats; - to determine the relation of landscape structure, land use and biodiversity; - to study the importance of linear structures in agricultural landscape for floristic biodiversity; - to distinguish areas suitable for the implementation of various protecting measures. The results of investigations will enable to define types of areas with the highest natural values in agricultural landscape, which should be designated as protected areas or covered by agri-environmental schemes. Conclusions from implementation of the new investigation procedure can be adopted for spatial planning at local and regional levels. The results can become a basis for the development of detailed indications of directions of agriculturalland management so that traditional agrarian structure would be preserved in the areas with the highest biological diversity. Adverse changes of agrarian structure and biodiversity that took place in Germany call for urgent implementation of the research project in Central Poland with the aim of taking actions to prevent the degradation of Polish agricultural landscape.

W związku z przewidywanymi zmianami w strukturze własnościowej, obszarowej, kierunków użytkowania ziemi, jakie nastąpią w rolnictwie po wejściu do Unii Europejskiej, Autorzy przedstawiają projekt prac badawczych dotyczących różnorodności biologicznej obszarów rolniczych Polski Środkowej. W Artykule zostały przedstawione cele i proponowane metody badań, charakterystyki trzech wybranych obszarów reprezentatywnych, czynniki wpływające na różnorodność biologiczną, dokonano wstępnej oceny stanu bioróżnorodności oraz wyrażono opinie na temat możliwości ochrony terenów rolniczych.

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2 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Geographica Physica

2 2004

2 Link M.

1 Giessen I. G. U. J. L. w.

1 Gissen I. G. U. J. L. w.

1 Krysiak S.

1 Kucharski L.

1 Majchrowska A.

1 Papińska E.

1 Sieradzki J.

1 Uniwersytet Łódzki K. G. F.

1 Uniwersytet Łódzki K. O. P.

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Ökologische Bedeutung und Naturschutzpotential linienförmiger Biotope der Agrarlandschaft

Różnorodność biologiczna obszarów Polski Środkowej i propozycje jej ochrony