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The Place of Tourism in Promotional Policy of Communes from Eastern Poland

100%
Zalech M.
Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism
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2015
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vol. 21
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issue 1
48-55
EN
Introduction. Promotion in managing local government units constitutes a significant element of communication with various groups of stakeholders, mainly with inhabitants and tourists. This instrument is playing a more and more significant role in the competition for limited resources. Therefore, its significance for territorial marketing is growing. The aim of the study was to identify the directions and range of promotional activity undertaken by communes taking into account their type and financial resources devoted to fulfilling tasks within this area and to define their competitive position. Material and methods. The research was conducted in compliance with the principles of indirect measurement method and data were collected with the use of a questionnaire. Additionally, statistical methods and the author's own method of “assessing promotional position” of local government units were used. The analysis included results obtained from 50 communes from eastern Poland (27 rural, 10 urban and 13 urban-rural communes). Results and conclusions. The research made it possible to identify the competitive position of a commune concerning its promotional activity aimed at inhabitants and tourists, taking into account its territorial range. Additionally, differences in using particular promotional tools were revealed and differences concerning the territorial range and segments which the activities undertaken by the communes are aimed at were noted. The calculations showed the correlation between money spent on promotion by the examined units and their general revenue.
2
Content available remote

Positive Personality Traits As an Element of Creating the Image of a Physical Education Teacher

100%
Zalech M.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
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2011
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vol. 3
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issue 2
121-128
EN
Background: To create a positive image among students, a Physical Education teacher should get to know their expectations and visions. The aim of the work was to identify the most significant positive traits which a Physical Education teacher should possess and to identify relations between variables determining students' choices.Material/Methods: The results obtained from 744 students (471 females and 273 males) from two uppersecondary schools (1st school n=393; 2nd school n=351) were analysed. The research used a diagnostic poll method - questionnaires. Respondents were asked a half-open question and were supposed to indicate three most significant positive features which should characterise a Physical Education teacher. The analysis was made with the use of the log-linear modelling method.Results: The research indicated the most desired features which should characterise a Physical Education teacher. The analysis of relations (p<0.05) between independent variables (school x gender x year) and a dependent variable (selection of a particular characteristic) allowed revealing a second-order interaction for five traits (calm, caring, understanding, trustworthy, having a sense of humour) and a third-order interaction for three personality traits (fair, benevolent and consistent). There did not appear any relations between independent variables and the selection of such personality traits as self-possessed, friendly and being a partner.Conclusions: Features which, according to students, should characterise a Physical Education teacher should serve as foundations for building a positive image or as the basis for modifying the existing one. Moreover, such knowledge of factors influencing the differentiation of the expectations of students may help a current correction of an attitude to them and to strengthen the teacher's authority.
3
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Elimination of Negative Character Features as an Element of Building a Positive Image of Physical Education Teacher

100%
Zalech M.
Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism
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2011
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vol. 18
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issue 3
206-209
EN
Introduction. In the era of the development of a number of ways and forms of communication, positive image has become an important medium of information, including teacher-student relationships. One can now recognize it as one of the elements of effective implementation of the mandates of teaching and upbringing. The aim of this study was to determine what physical education teacher's features are most undesirable for senior high school students, and thus negatively affect his image. Material and methods. The study used the method of diagnostic survey, in which the questionnaire technique was used. The data obtained from 763 students of two senior high schools (484 females and 279 males) was analyzed. For statistical evaluation of the data the log-linear analysis method was used. Results.Quick temper and severity were found to be the features that the students found to be most undesirable in the physical education teacher. The choice of such features as: compliant, indulgent, moody and quick tempered was significantly dependent on gender (p<0.05), and such as strict, hesitant and distracted, significantly depended on both gender and grade (p<0.05). The school turned out to be a variable that did not differentiate significantly choices made by students. None of the independent variables conditioned the selection of such features as passive and unreliable. Conclusions. Knowing what features should not characterize a physical education teacher is one of the important elements that should be taken into account in the process of building a positive image of teachers. It can be assumed that the elimination or restriction of the expression of these features contributes significantly to the positive perception of teachers, and it is followed by improved relations with students and increased effectiveness of teaching and educational interactions.
4
Content available remote

The Influence of the Way of Planning Teaching Content on the Effectiveness of Mastering Self-Defence Techniques

100%
Zalech M.
Human Movement
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2012
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vol. 13
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issue 1
48-53
EN
Introduction. The improvement of a learning process through transferring a skill already acquired to another one which is being learnt is one of the factors contributing to increasing the effectiveness of teaching. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of teaching performed on the basis of two plans, i.e. a traditional (intuitive) one and a network one. Methods. A pedagogical experiment covering 13 weekly sessions of self-defence elements were taught. The control group was taught according to an algorithm developed in a traditional (intuitive) way, whereas the experimental group was taught according to a algorithm developed on the network model. After the sessions had been completed, five experts evaluated the acquisition level of three randomly selected elements. The results obtained by 32 men (average age 21.29 ± 0.76 years) from the experimental group and 32 men from the control group (average age 21.18 ± 0.87 years) were analysed statistically with the Student's t-test, two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Fisher post-hoc test. Results. The experts did not differ in evaluating both groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, no interactions were revealed (p < 0.05) between the method of planning the teaching programme and the experts who evaluated the acquisition level of the taught elements. The only significant difference between the experimental group and the control group was observed in the method of planning the teaching programme, according to which self-defence elements were taught (p < 0.01). Conclusions. The acquisition level of the taught self-defence elements according to the algorithm developed by basing it on the network model turned out to be significantly higher than in the case of those elements taught in the traditional (intuitive) planning process.
5
Content available remote

Generation changes over the period of 1986-2006 in the physical fitness of boys aged 7-19 from eastern Poland at particular stages of education

51%
Saczuk J., Wasiluk A., Zalech M.
Biomedical Human Kinetics
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2012
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vol. 4
112-116
EN
Study aim: To assess the size of secular trends in the physical fitness of boys from eastern Poland taking into consideration stages of education. Material and methods: The physical fitness results of boys aged 7-19 years living in eastern regions of Poland were analyzed: 3188 students were examined in 1986 while in 2006 the research included 10 810 boys. In both examinations (1986 and 2006), the level of motor abilities was measured according to the guidelines of the International Physical Fitness Test. The individual results of children and youth examined in 2006, which took into account calendar age, were converted into points on a T scale, with means and standard deviations from 1986 accepted as norms. On the basis of the obtained point values and taking into account stages of education (7-9 – integrated teaching, 10-12 – primary school, 13-15 – lower-secondary school, 16-18 – upper-secondary school), arithmetic means and dispersion values concerning motor abilities in the groups were calculated. Individual results in motor abilities of every subject were used to define quantitative generation changes. Differences between the means obtained in 1986 and 2006, as well as between the fractions of boys qualified for respective fitness category in both examinations, were assessed. Results: Over the 2-decade period the boys from eastern Poland slightly improved their results only as far as sit-ups are concerned (1.47 points), while the level of bent arm hang, handgrip, 50 m run, and shuttle run 4×10 m remained the same. In contrast, negative changes were observed in the long run (4.44 points), the sit-and-reach test (4.47 points), and the standing broad jump (3.74 points). The greatest decline in motor abilities was noted amongst schoolchildren from integrated education classes (2.69 points); whereas the smallest decline was noted in adolescents from lower secondary schools (0.60 points). Conclusions: The changes noted in physical fitness indicate that in the context of health the revision of the Act on Physical Culture from 2002, which reduced the number of school’s physical education classes, is a debatable issue.
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