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Opinion Formation in an Open System and the Spiral of Silence

100%
Gawroński P., Nawojczyk M., Kułakowski K.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2015
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vol. 127
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issue 3A
A-45-A-50
EN
A new model is formulated of the sociological effect of the spiral of silence, introduced by Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann in 1974. The probability that a new opinion is openly expressed decreases with the difference between this new opinion and the perceived opinion of the majority. We also assume that the system is open, i.e. some people enter and some leave during the process of the opinion formation. An influence of a leader is simulated by a comparison of two runs of the simulation, where the leader has different opinion in each run. The difference of the mean expressed opinions in these two runs persists long after the leader's leave.
2
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If Others Jump to the Queue Front, How Long I Will Wait?

100%
Krawczyk M., Gronek P., Nawojczyk M., Kułakowski K.
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EN
Two models of a queue are proposed: a human queue and two lines of vehicles before a narrowing. In both models, a queuer tries to evaluate his waiting time, taking into account the delay caused by intruders who jump to the queue front. As the collected statistics of such events is very limited, the evaluation can give very long times. The results provide an example, when direct observations should be supplemented by an inference from the context.
3
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The Heaping Effect in the Survey Data on the Number of Friends

88%
Nawojczyk M., Stojkow M., Żuchowska-Skiba D., Krawczyk M., Kułakowski K.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2018
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vol. 133
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issue 6
1417-1420
EN
The number of acquaintances is relevant for modeling social networks. Here we consider the data on the declared number of friends, as collected in 2000, 2007 and 2015 from Polish respondents above the age of 50. We demonstrate that the answers on the number of friends show sharp maxima at 10, 15, 20 and sometimes 30, which accompany a broader peak between 0 and 8. These results do not change qualitatively with sex and age of the respondents. The effect, known as data heaping, can be detected as a deviation from the Benford law.
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