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Maximizing Cotton Yield and Quality: The Interplay of Canopy Structure and Planting Density

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Klutse S., Duncan G. B., Akomaning I., Faisal M., Iqbal A., Rasool M. W., Belizaire P. J., Botchway E., Hayat M. K., BA O.

World News of Natural Sciences

2025

vol. 59

413-429

Cotton, a globally significant cash crop, demands optimized cultivation practices to ensure sustainable yields and superior fiber quality. This study underscores the critical role of canopy management and planting density in achieving these objectives. By strategically manipulating canopy architecture through techniques such as pruning and chemical topping, growers can significantly enhance light penetration and nutrient distribution within the cotton plant. These practices contribute to improved boll development, increased boll number, and enhanced boll weight, ultimately boosting overall yield. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of planting density in optimizing light interception and microclimate conditions within the canopy. Higher planting densities generally lead to increased light interception, which positively impacts photosynthesis and subsequent yield. However, it is crucial to find the optimal balance as excessive density can negatively impact boll weight and fiber quality. The complex interplay between canopy management and planting density is evident in their influence on various physiological parameters. Canopy temperature, water-use efficiency, and nitrogen uptake are significantly affected by these factors. By carefully managing canopy structure and plant spacing, growers can create favorable microclimatic conditions for cotton growth and development. In nut shells, highlights the need for a holistic approach to cotton cultivation, emphasizing the integration of canopy management and planting density strategies. By optimizing these factors, farmers can improve resource utilization, enhance yield, and maintain fiber quality, thereby contributing to the sustainability and profitability of cotton production.

Introduction to Organic Agriculture - From Haber-Bosch to Howard: A Century of Agricultural Transformation

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Hayat M. K., Khan T. Y., Azam M. A., Imran F., Ifra I., Shan M., Belizaire P. J., Rehman M. N. U., Majeed U., Oumar B.

World News of Natural Sciences

2025

vol. 60

40-64

Agriculture, the science and practice of cultivating plants and raising livestock, has been fundamental to human civilization, enabling the development of sedentary communities and food surpluses. Traditional farming methods, relying on natural practices like crop rotation and composting, gave way to synthetic fertilizers and pesticides in the early 1900s, raising concerns about soil health and food safety. The Haber-Bosch process, developed in the early 20th century, revolutionized fertilizer production by synthesizing ammonia from atmospheric nitrogen, significantly boosting agricultural yields. However, visionaries like Sir Albert Howard and Rudolf Steiner advocated for practices mimicking nature's cycles, emphasizing soil health and laying the groundwork for organic agriculture. Conventional agriculture, characterized by mechanization and reliance on synthetic inputs, has greatly increased food production. However, this approach raises concerns about environmental impacts such as soil degradation, water pollution, and biodiversity loss. Studies indicate pesticide use, while boosting crop yields, contaminates food and the environment, posing health risks. In China, agricultural emissions increased by 410 Mt CO2 eq between 2001 and 2018, primarily due to fertilization and irrigation in maize, fruit, and vegetable production. Animal husbandry, another key aspect of agriculture, involves breeding and raising domestic animals for food, fiber, and labor. In India, low livestock productivity necessitates a bottom-up breeding policy and improved market linkages. Aquaculture, the cultivation of aquatic organisms, is increasingly vital for global food supply. Asia dominates global aquaculture, producing over 91% of the world's farmed aquatic animals and plants (102.9 million tonnes in 2017). However, monoculture practices increase disease risk, and chemical use poses environmental risks. Forestry, the management of forests and woodlands, provides timber, fuelwood, wildlife habitat, and clean water. Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are crucial for the livelihoods of 275 million poor rural Indians, but overexploitation and deforestation threaten these resources. Sustainable development strategies are needed to balance resource conservation with livelihood needs.

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2 World News of Natural Sciences

2 2025

2 Belizaire P. J.

2 Hayat M. K.

1 Akomaning I.

1 Azam M. A.

1 BA O.

1 Botchway E.

1 Duncan G. B.

1 Faisal M.

1 Ifra I.

1 Imran F.

1 Iqbal A.

1 Khan T. Y.

1 Klutse S.

1 Majeed U.

1 Oumar B.

1 Rasool M. W.

1 Rehman M. N. U.

1 Shan M.

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Maximizing Cotton Yield and Quality: The Interplay of Canopy Structure and Planting Density

Introduction to Organic Agriculture - From Haber-Bosch to Howard: A Century of Agricultural Transformation