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EN
In the article the cooperative N^2-effect is considered, that is the radiation whose power is ım N^2, where N is the number of emitters which in this case is equal to the number of electrons in a bunch. The suggested effect is the result of combining two other effects, Gunn-effect in GaAs and undulator-like radiation which can be produced by means of microstructure with grating (microundulator). It is very probable that the effect can be used for the developing of a new semiconductor-based room temperature source of the THz radiation.
EN
In the article the cooperative N²-effects are considered, that is the radiation whose power is ım N², where N is the number of emitters which in this case is equal to the number of electrons in a bunch. The suggested effects are the result of combining two effects: the Gunn-effect in GaAs and undulator-like radiation, or "pumping wave" acting on the electrons and which is the result of undulator field, while the second is the backward effect of radiation which is produced by electrons moving within such microundulator. It is very probable that the effects can be used for the developing of a new semiconductor-based room temperature source of the THz-radiation.
EN
Information about certain physical states of an examined object is encoded in the distribution of the fringe contrast in the metrological interference images of the object. Determining the contrast is one of the steps of converting the image into the distribution of the measured quantity in holographic fringe-contrast interferometry. In this paper, three methods of determining the fringe contrast in interference images containing speckle noise are compared. As the criterion for comparing the methods, the mean absolute error has been used. It turns out, in accordance with this criterium, the most effective method is the phase-shifting one.
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New Type of Composite Gyrotropic Metamaterial

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EN
In this work we examined the possibility of fabricating the metamaterial in a relatively simple way. Our idea was to use the three-component mixture of ingredients, where one of them is responsible for the negative permeability μ(ω) of hypothetical metamaterial, while the other two cause the negative value of effective permittivity ε(ω). In our previous work, we considered Hg_{1-x}Cd_xTe semiconductor compound as one of the ingredients of mixture. As fabrication of the Hg_{1-x}Cd_xTe is related to using mercury which is very poisoning, we tried to exclude this material. In the work we proved by numerical simulations the possibility of substituting mercury cadmium telluride by Pb_{1-x}Sn_xTe. We have shown by computer simulations that by the proper fitting of the parameters, e.g. the radius of nanoparticles, their magnetic moments, the relative concentration of ingredients, etc., it is possible to obtain the metamaterial with negative refraction index in a relatively broad range of temperatures and magnetic fields. The last seems to be very promising in terms of practical applications of metamaterials.
EN
We discuss the influence of an external magnetic field on the exciton energy and the exciton oscillator strength in the shallow quantum wells. We include into consideration the Coulomb attraction between electron and hole, which is rarely taken into account. We self-consistently solve the Schrödinger equation to compare the obtained results with the experimental values.
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