The relationships among science, scientist, policy and policy-makers are extremely complex and variable. Each issues or problem; each mix of constituencies to that problem or issue; each ‘venue’, local, state, regional, national, international, lends a different character to these relationships and their processes and products. At its base, however, coastal management is a social processes. It is defined by the belief, perceptions and ‘cultures’ of its various participants. At the very heart of the issue of the interaction between science and policy is the fact that science is concerned with description and explanation, while policy is concerned with governance of human behaviour. Science is not normative, while policy is normative by definition. In this paper, we explore the different dimensions of the relationship between science and policy as a social process. The relationship among them will be better understood, and will contribute more fully to the coastal policy-making process if the characteristics, limitations and potential contributions of each are clearly recognized.
The Government of Garut District launched the priority of 10 tourist destinations' development program to be more comfortable and secure based on the visits rate assessment results and a promising tourism potential to many visitors. This report aims to determine the implementation of tourism development policies in Garut District, which were reviewed with the criteria approach, namely attraction, accessibility, and amenities. This reporting approaches describe the implementation of tourism development policies in the Garut District. The results show the implementation of tourism development policies in Garut District has been going well even though several problems still exist. Some of the problems identified include accessibility that is still not very supportive, such as the road to the location of tourism being relatively small. Facilities and infrastructure in tourism objects have not been appropriately managed due to budget constraints, as well as the low awareness of the public about the culture of tourism awareness and the tourism benefits.
Wondama Bay coastal region has the potential of coastal resources and some marine biota in this area. Recently, coastal resources in Wondama Bay have been in a decline. The situation is probably related to the ecological pressure of anthropogenic activities. The increasing number of settlements around Wondama Bay reduces the mangrove forest area. The sedimentation rate increased in Wondama Bay which caused a damage to the ecosystems. Reduction of the carrying capacity of Wondama Bay needs to be managed to support the coastal resources such as fish, reef, and shellfish. The report objective is to describe the management of the coastal areas through Wondama Bay District's tourism regarding natural resources management policy. This report shows that the concept of sustainable coastal tourism management focuses on the coastal ecosystem's characteristics. In question, this is managed by considering aspects of environmental parameters, conservation, and the quality of community life. Then they are identified in a comprehensive and integrated manner through community, scientists, and government cooperation, to find management strategies of coastal of Wondama Bay District. The existence of the current coastal natural resources must be maintained so that it sustainably supports coastal tourism.
Climate change poses special challenges for decision makers in Indonesia related to inherent uncertainties in future climate projections and the intricate relations between climate change, physical and biological systems, and food security. At present, however, coastal and marine subregions do not have the adaptive capacity needed to overcome this challenge. This paper examines the impact of climate change on food security in coastal and marine Indonesia. It aims to inform decision makers with up-to-date information about vulnerability to climate change, and to facilitate the development of adaptation strategies informed by the experience and knowledge of experts. Climate and extreme weather hazards associated with the coastal and marine sectors cover different factors but are related to sea level rise, rising coastal water temperatures, and tropical storms and hurricanes. Potential vulnerabilities for coastal zones include increased coastal erosion which causes changes in coastline, loss of coastal wetlands, and changes in fish profiles and other marine life populations. Adapting to climate change will ultimately require more systematic integration of governance strategies, science, regulatory systems, policy, and economics at an international level to deal effectively with the wide range of impacts projected for Indonesia. This integration will be shaped through formal mechanisms such as the development or modification of laws, regulations, and policies.
This paper summarises the methodological approach and main results of the Coastal project (Employment and Human Resources in the Fisheries Socio-Economic System). This project had as its main aim the search for alternative futures for the fisheries sector in West Java, with particular attention being paid to the human resources situation and the working and living conditions of the fisheries-dependent populations in the coastal areas. This is a particularly interesting case, since fisheries were once an important activity and they are now in deep recession, even though it is generally recognised that the future utilisation of maritime resources offer an immense potential. As part of the research, a Delphi exercise was implemented involving in two successive stages some of the leading actors and experts dealing with the sector in West Java. Other initiatives were held in the context of the Coastal project providing direct and indirect inputs to the scenarios and recommendations that were put forward in the sequence of the Delphi exercise. Overall, the activities described in the paper contribute to the mobilisation of major actors and to discussions that may have practical implication for the future of the sector - if certain conditions are now met in the follow up to the project.
Water scarcity, especially in the small islands of Indonesia, has caused trouble for social maintenence of water needs. While many instruments have been developed to measure community vulnerability indexes, the majority do not reflect the overall condition. Therefore, this research will formulate a vulnerability index for water fulfillment in small islands, using a comprehensive method so that the result can be used as a reference in policy-making. This research applied the deductive-positivist approach of the quantitative method. It started off with establishing the dimensions of vulnerability: exposure, adaptive capacity, and sensitivity. These were then operationalized into indicator/parameter of indexes to measure vulnerable conditions. The result shows that this vulnerability index can be utilized as a basis for policy decision-making as it considers the attributes that had proved to be sustainable. To reduce vulnerability in small islands, there is a need for a policy that considers community capacity and adaptive patterns that could improve their social and economic capital.
Lalawak (Barbodes balleroides) is a fish that dominates the waters in the Jatigede Reservoir. This fish has a lot of thorns and bones, and in terms of processing it has not been used properly, so it is necessary to process it in a different way where one of them can be done using presto techniques. The purpose of this study is to determine the heating time to make the lalawak fish presto the most preferred by panelists. This study uses an experimental method with Friedman Test, multiple comparisons and Bayes Test for processing data with 3 treatments of warm-up time, namely 60 minutes, 90 minutes, and 120 minutes with 20 panelists as replications. The results of the hedonic test showed that the appearance and aroma were not significantly different between treatments, while the texture and taste were significantly different between treatments where the average value of treatment was 60 minutes, 90 minutes, and 120 minutes, respectively from the texture of 6.0; 6.3; 7.5, and taste which is 6.7; 7.1; 8.0. The treatment with a heating time of 120 minutes is the most preferred treatment by the panelists and this treatment is carried out by a proximate test to see the chemical content in it. The proximate test results for the prestige of lalawak fish with a 120-minute treatment were 36.56% moisture content; 29.68% protein; 12.66% fat; 4.78% ash; 16.32% carbohydrates; and 127.4 mg / 100 g calcium levels.
The research was conducted at the Tuna Fisheries Research Station, Denpasar, Bali, in July 2018 (3 weeks duration). There were several types of high-value fish incorporated into this research: tuna, skipjack, shrimp, cob, mackerel, snapper, squid, reef fish (grouper, baronang, lobster / barong shrimp) and ornamental fish. Seaweed processing was also assessed. Benoa Fishing Port is one of the tuna landing base bases in Indonesia. It is the main port in Bali Province and ranks beside Muara Baru (Jakarta), Pelabuhan Ratu (West Java) and Cilacap (Central Java). This research aim to identified length-weight relationship, and proportion of proper catch size of bigeye tuna. Herein, bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) was identified visually and then assessed. The first identifier is the large size of the eye. The growth pattern of big eye tuna (Thunnus obesus) landed in Benoa Fishing Portis is isometric, where the length increase is equal to weight gain (isometric positive). The length distribution of big eye tuna was in range of 81-170 cm FL (334 fishes are obtained), and the distribution of weights varied in size from 11-95 kg, with the most common catch size being in the range of 16-20 kg (95 fishes). Of note, 60% of the fish had not reached the proper catch size.
The added value of nilem fish skin needs to be increased. The purpose of this study is to determine the concentration of acetic acid solution combined with the pepsin enzyme in the extraction of collagen from nilem fish skin that is necessary to obtain the highest yield/renderment. The study employed an experimental research method that used a completely randomized factorial design. The first treatment is the concentration of acetic acid solution. This consists of three levels, namely 0.5M, 0.7M and 0.9M. The second treatment is the concentration of the enzyme pepsin. This in turn consists of three levels, namely 0.5 %, 1.0 % and 1.5% (weight / weight). The parameters observed were collagen renderment. The results showed that the combination treatment concentration of 0.7 M solution of acetic acid by the pepsin enzyme at 1.0%, in the extraction of collagen from fish skin, produce the highest yield compared to other combinations. The renderment yield is 6.18%.
Mackerel of Scomberomorus commerson (Lacepède, 1800) is a fish that has thick meat of a distinctive taste and is a favorite of Indonesian people. It is made into various types of processed seafood. The amount of edible flesh of the fish is 65%, meaning that the waste from the fish is 35%, including the head and bones. The purpose of this study was to determine the type and class of volatile compound components that can be drawn from mackerel head and fish bone, by making these into a broth. This study uses an experimental method by testing the composition of volatile flavor compounds and then undertaking proximate testing. The method of extracting volatile flavor compounds that was applied is Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME), while Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry (GC / MS) was harnessed to identify the volatile flavor. Accordingly, 150 compounds were detected in the sample of mackerel head broth, as compared with 133 compounds in mackerel bone broth. The compounds that were detected are hydrocarbons, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, organic compounds and others. That which has the largest proportion is pentadecane from the hydrocarbon group, with a value of 18,545%. The proximate analysis results showed that mackerel head broth samples had a 96.08% water content, 1.55% ash content, 0.28% fat content and 2.78% protein content, while samples of mackerel bone broth had a 96.69% water content, 1.54% ash content, 0.44% fat content and 1.84% protein content.
This paper is a summary of the expedition in Southern West Java (SWJ) during our tenure as expert staff of the Senator - a member of the Regional Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia (DPD RI) in 2009-2014 - and when we served in the Southern West Java Regional Development Agency (BPW Jabsel) 2014-2019. The aim is to find out the implementation of government policies in developing the potential of SWJ's natural resources, especially in the fields of tourism, agriculture, plantations, and livestock as well as the potential of water resources for electrical energy. Based on observations during the expedition, the potential of these natural resources has not been managed optimally, and infrastructure disparities are still experienced in SWJ, far behind when compared to the Western West Java (WWJ), Central West Java (CJW), Northern West Java (NWJ) Regions. To minimize this inequality – conceptually – we offer three frameworks for developing three regional growth centers (PPW) in SWJ, namely PPW Palabuanratu, PPW Rancabuaya, and PPW Pangandaran to make the three areas agropolitan and minapolitan (marine). The photo shows some of the potentials, disparities, disaster threats, and the framework for developing potential SWJs.
The Integrated Development of Marine and Fisheries Areas (IDMFA) in the Sangihe Islands District is a regional-based marine and fisheries development concept. The development of IDMFA in the Sangihe Islands District is in the Santiago and Dagho regions. This selection was based on the fishery potential of the two regions. The progress of integrated marine and fishery areas (IDMFA) is based on the development of capture fisheries and aquaculture activities, including their marketing activities to improve community welfare.
This research aims to analyze the growth rate, and the role of the fisheries sector also to analyze the linkage between the fisheries sector and other sectors in the economic growth rate in the Batubara district. The results of research can be used by local communities and the government as material consideration in determining a policy of management of the economic sector, especially the fisheries sector. This research was carried out from April 2017 to April 2018. The methods utilized are regional superiority analysis, klassentypology analysis, and correlation analysis. The results showed that LQ. LI and SI values of the fisheries sector of Batubara District tend to increase in value from year to year and the fisheries sector itself is in a state of growth. Still, Typology Klassen analysis reveals that the fisheries sector of Batubara district is in the second quadrant. This means that it is advanced but depressed. Moreover, the role of the fisheries sector to other sectors is in the provision of production factors and capital base due to the economy factors built-in to the same space. Herein, the result of correlation analysis of the fisheries sector with other sectors is 0,9. This shows that there is a very strong linkage between the fisheries sector and other sector values in the Batubara District.
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