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Application of a Knowledge-based Decision Support Model for Soil Tilth Assessment

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Abbas O. M., Elfadil A. D., Mohammed H. I.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2022
|
vol. 44
121-137
EN
The objective of this article is to apply a developed knowledge-based decision support model for soil tilth assessment, based on the "tilth index", to help to select the suitable implement for conducting tillage operation. A field experiment was conducted using a randomized design with a strip-plot arrangement, and three replications to quantify the effects of four tillage implements (chisel, disc harrow, disc plow, ridging and split ridging, and wide level disc), on soil physical properties, tilth index of seedbed preparation of Sesame crop, in El Seleit Irrigation Scheme in Botana area, during seasons 2018 and 2019. Tillage operation significantly affected soil physical properties showing an increase in soil moisture content, soil porosity, and decrease in soil bulk density and soil penetration resistance. The highest values of moisture content were at wide level disc, and the lowest values were with chisel plow. The highest values of soil bulk density were under disc harrow tillage which was more than chisel strips, and the lowest values were under ridging and wide level disc. The highest values of soil porosity were under chisel plow and at the wide level disc and the lowest values were under disc harrow which was less than chisel strips. The highest values of soil penetration resistance were under the moldboard, and chisel plow and the lowest values were under the moldboard. The tillage methods significantly affected the plant yield. The highest value of Sesame yield was at the disc harrow and the lowest value was at Chisel. It can be concluded that shallow and intermediate tillage treatments along with disc harrow and wide level disc operation were found inferior in improving soil physical properties. Tilth index rank top the non-soil inversion operations.
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Diagnosis of Performance of Four Tillage Methods by Analytical Hierarchy Procedure (AHP) and Overall Tilth Index in Clay Vertisols

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Elfadil A. D., Abbas O. M., Karar A. B., Mohammed H. I.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2022
|
vol. 44
176-191
EN
This study was carried out during seasons 2018/2019, and 2019/2020, in Tayba Block-the Sudan - Gezira central clay plains, to evaluate the field performance of four land preparation methods using three tillage equipment: chisel plow "intensive tillage", disc harrow "medium tillage", ridger "minimum or reduced tillage" and no tillage machine. An overall tilth index to reflect field performance of tillage methods was determined from four measured soil tilth indicators (bulk density, porosity, aggregate uniformity, and penetration resistance). Diagnosis of land preparation methods was made using analytical hierarchy procedure (AHP) for ranking tilth indicators by weight assignment and determination of overall tilth index using a linear relation. The results show that Bulk density of the soil surface layer was reduced by tillage implements compared to no till. High significant difference at 1 % level was observed between reduced or no tillage and intensive tillage by chisel or disc harrow on average percentage Soil porosity. Bulk density and Soil porosity are inter-related with similar trend. Aggregate stability showed highest value with no till treatment followed by chisel plow, while those obtained by harrow or ridger implements do not differ significantly. Penetration resistance was significantly lowered by tillage implement compared with using no tillage machine. The highest reduction is achieved by disc harrow followed by ridger and the least reduction is made by chisel plow. Penetration resistance is interrelated to Bulk density. Using analytical hierarchy procedure ranked the tillage indicators in descending order by weight values of 1.01, 0.62, 0.29 and 0.12 for Penetration resistance, Bulk density, Porosity, and Aggregate particle stability respectively. The diagnosis of tillage alternatives by development of the overall tillage index resulted in ranking tillage methods in descending order of preference as: ridger, disc harrow, chisel plow, and no tillage machine. It is thus recommended to use reduced tillage "ridging only" as the most technically feasible tillage method achieve an optimal seedbed with minimum energy input.
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