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1

Do G894T Polymorphisms of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase 3 (NOS3) Influence Endurance Phenotypes?

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Cięszczyk P., Sawczuk M., Maciejewska A., Jascaniene N., Eider J.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2010

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vol. 24

73-80

EN

Endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase gene (NOS3) is taken into account as one of the main regulators of blood pressure and basal vascular dilation - two main factors found to be limiting for endurance performance.We compared genotypic and allelic frequencies of the NOS3 G894T polymorphism in two groups of men of the same Caucasian descent: elite endurance athletes (rowers; n=63) and sedentary controls (n=160).We have not found any statistical difference in G894T genotype and allele frequencies in endurance orientated athletes compared to sedentary controls. The difference in G allele frequency between the rowers and controls did not reach statistical significance (73.5% vs. 67.2%, P = 0.307), similar to genotype distribution amongst the rowers (58.7% GG; 39.4% GT; 6.4% TT) compared to controls (43.7% GG; 46.9% GT; 9.4% TT) (P=0.129).In summary, our results are in contradiction to the hypothesis that NOS3 G894T polymorphism is associated with the physical performance status in rowing. Of course, our findings do not mean that other polymorphisms in NOS3 gene do not have any beneficial effect on performance parameters, but to confirm that hypothesis, we need further studies.

2

Application of Platelet Rich Plasma in Sports Medicine

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Ficek K., Kamiński T., Wach E., Cholewiński J., Cięszczyk P.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2011

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vol. 30

85-97

EN

Any new method of treatment is associated with high expectations for its success, particularly if the therapy is based not only on the premise of achieving a symptomatic effect, but also improving functional quality and repairing structurally damaged tissues. Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) application was shown to be a successful catalyst in the healing process for a wide variety of conditions in animal and human models. However, its use has been controversial due to many types of the PRP definition, optimal concentration, and modalities of implementation. In the qualification of patients for PRP treatment, not only should medical indications be considered, but also the role of participation in therapy with a physiotherapist supervising physical parameters and techniques used during recovery time. Further study is required in order to define optimal handling procedures of PRP injection. Long-term follow up will reveal if the promise of this substance can be realized and implemented to maximize its potential as a therapeutic remedy.

3

Interaction Between ACE I/D and ACTN3 R557X Polymorphisms in Polish Competitive Swimmers

86%

Grenda A., Leońska-Duniec A., Kaczmarczyk M., Ficek K., Król P., Cięszczyk P., Żmijewski P.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2014

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vol. 42

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issue 1

127-136

EN

We hypothesized that the ACE ID / ACTN3 R577X genotype combination was associated with sprint and endurance performance. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the interaction between both ACE ID and ACTN3 R577X polymorphisms and sprint and endurance performance in swimmers. Genomic DNA was extracted from oral epithelial cells using GenElute Mammalian Genomic DNA Miniprep Kit (Sigma, Germany). All samples were genotyped using a real-time poly- merase chain reaction. The ACE I/D and the ACTN3 R577X genotype frequencies met Hardy-Weinberg expectations in both swimmers and controls. When the two swimmer groups, long distance swimmers (LDS) and short distance swimmers (SDS), were compared with control subjects in a single test, a significant association was found only for the ACE polymorphism, but not for ACTN3. Additionally, four ACE/ACTN3 combined genotypes (ID/RX, ID/XX, II/RX and II/XX) were statistically significant for the LDS versus Control comparison, but none for the SDS versus Control comparison. The ACE I/D and the ACTN3 R577X polymorphisms did not show any association with sprint swimming, taken individually or in combination. In spite of numerous previous reports of associations with athletic status or sprint performance in other sports, the ACTN3 R577X polymorphism, in contrast to ACE I/D, was not significantly associated with elite swimming status when considered individually. However, the combined analysis of the two loci suggests that the co-occurrence of the ACE I and ACTN3 X alleles may be beneficial to swimmers who compete in long distance races

4

Strength and aerobic training in overweight females in Gdansk, Poland

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Sawczyn S., Mishchenko V., Moska W., Sawczyn M., Jagiełło M., Kuehne T., Kostrzewa-Nowak D., Nowak R., Cięszczyk P.

Open Medicine

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2014

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vol. 10

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issue 1

EN

W e compared the effects of 16-week-training on rest metabolic rate, aerobic power, and body fat, and the post-exercise effects upon rest oxygen uptake and respiratory exchange ratio in overweight middle-aged females. Twenty nine overweight women (BMI 29.9 ± 1.2 kg*m-²) participated in training (3 days a week). The subjects were divided onto groups of aerobic (AT) and strength (ST) training. The results showed that the total body mass decrease and VO2 max increase did not differ in both groups. Decrease in waist circumference after 16 weeks was higher in the ST group. In the ST group fat-free mass increased during the first 8 weeks. Rest metabolic rate was increased significantly at 16th week compared to initial value in ST group only. Significant increase in post-exercise resting VO2 and respiratory exchange ratio at 12 and 36 h was observed after the strength training session only. Increase in rest metabolic rate and post-exercise rest energy expenditure occurred after strength training but not after aerobic training despite the similar increase in aerobic power. The effect of 8-16 weeks of strength training on body mass decrease was higher in comparison to aerobic training.

5

Association of theACTN3R577X Polymorphism in Polish Power-Orientated Athletes

73%

Cięszczyk P., Eider J., Ostanek M., Arczewska A., Leońska-Duniec A., Sawczyn S., Ficek K., Krupecki K.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2011

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vol. 28

55-61

EN

Alpha-actinins are an ancient family of actin-binding proteins that play structural and regulatory roles in cytoskeletal organization. In skeletal muscle, α-actinin-3 protein is an important structural component of the Z disc, where it anchors actin thin filaments, helping to maintain the myofibrillar array. A common nonsense polymorphism in codon 577 of the ACTN3 gene (R577X) results in α-actinin-3 deficiency in XX homozygotes. Based on knowledge about the role of ACTN3 R557X polymorphism in skeletal muscle function, we postulated that the genetic polymorphism of ACTN3 could also improve sprint and power ability.We compared genotypic and allelic frequencies of the ACTN3 R557X polymorphism in two groups of men of the same Caucasian descent: 158 power-orientated athletes and 254 volunteers not involved in competitive sport.The genotype distribution in the group of power-oriented athletes showed significant differences (P=0.008) compared to controls. However, among the investigated subgroups of athletes, only the difference of ACTN3 R577X genotype between sprinters and controls reached statistical significance (P=0.041). The frequencies of the ACTN3 577X allele (30.69% vs. 40.35%; P=0.005) were significantly different in all athletes compared to controls. Our results support the hypothesis that the ACTN3 577XX allele may have some beneficial effect on sprintpower performance, because the ACTN3 XX genotype is significantly reduced in Polish power-oriented athletes compared to controls.This finding seems to be in agreement with previously reported case-control studies. However, ACTN3 polymorphism as a genetic marker for sport talent identification should be interpreted with great caution.

6

The Variants Within the COL5A1 Gene are Associated with Reduced Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Skiers

59%

Stępień-Słodkowska M., Ficek K., Kaczmarczyk M., Maciejewska-Karłowska A., Sawczuk M., Leońska-Duniec A., Stępiński M., Ziętek P., Król P., Chudecka M., Cięszczyk P.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2015

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vol. 45

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issue 1

103-111

EN

The purpose of this study was to examine the association of the BstUI RFLP C/T (rs 12722) and DpnII RFLP C/T (rs 13946) COL5A1 polymorphisms, individually and as haplotypes, with anterior cruciate ligament ruptures in recreational skiers. Subjects were 138 male recreational skiers with surgically diagnosed primary anterior cruciate ligament ruptures. The control group consisted of 183 apparently healthy male recreational skiers, who were without any self-reported history of ligament or tendon injury. DNA was extracted from buccal cells donated by the subjects and genotyping was carried out using real-time PCR. The genotype distributions for both polymorphisms met Hardy- Weinberg expectations in both groups. There were no significant differences in genotype distribution of allele frequencies of COL5A1 BstUI RFLP C/T and COL5A1 DpnII RFLP C/T polymorphisms between the ACL rupture and control groups. The T-T (BstUI RFLP T, DpnII RFLP T) haplotype was the most common (55.6%). The haplotype T-C was not present in any of the subjects. There was an underrepresentation tendency of the C-T haplotype in the study group compared to controls under recessive mode of inheritance. Higher frequency of the COL5A1 BstUI RFLP C/T and COL5A1DpnII RFLP C/T polymorphisms haplotype is associated with reduced risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury in a group of apparently healthy male recreational skiers.

Refine search results

Do G894T Polymorphisms of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase 3 (NOS3) Influence Endurance Phenotypes?

Application of Platelet Rich Plasma in Sports Medicine

Interaction Between ACE I/D and ACTN3 R557X Polymorphisms in Polish Competitive Swimmers

Strength and aerobic training in overweight females in Gdansk, Poland

Association of theACTN3R577X Polymorphism in Polish Power-Orientated Athletes

The Variants Within the COL5A1 Gene are Associated with Reduced Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Skiers