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The personal need for structure as a factor affecting the understanding and projecting of complex spacial structures

100%
Wojtowicz A., Wojtowicz B.
Czasopismo Techniczne
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-
PL
Creativity and understanding of complex spatial structures are required from architects. Thereat, avoiding the uncertainty and the necessity of simplifying complex structures may, in consequence, lead to an inadequacy of the effect of their work. Employing the scales of Personal Need for Structure (PNS) and PNS-Geometry served to determine if the individuals with strong intensity of these qualities will have problems with understanding construction of complex spatial structures and correct solving of geometrical problems. The results of the preliminary research appear to validate the thesis.
2
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Sense of generalised self-efficacy and pro-health behaviours of Polish and Spanish physical education students

81%
Gacek M., Kosiba G., Wojtowicz A.
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vol. 31
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issue 3
95-105
EN
The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the sense of generalised self-efficacy and the level of prohealth behaviours among Polish and Spanish physical education students. The study was conducted among 499 physical education students (219 Polish and 280 Spanish). The Inventory of Health Behaviours (IZZ) by Z. Juczyński and the Generalised Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) by R. Schwarzer, M. Jerusalem and Z. Juczyński were used. Among the categories of healthy behaviours included in the Inventory of Health Behaviours (IZZ), the physical education students obtained the highest average results in the area of positive mental attitude (22.26), less in the prohealth practices (20.10) and proper eating habits (19.85), and less again in the area of preventive behaviours (18.97). Statistically significant positive correlations were found between the intensification of the generalised sense of self-efficacy and the levels of positive mental attitude (p = 0.024) and preventive behaviours (p < 0.001). The moderating influence regarding home country on relationships between the generalised sense of self-efficacy and general index of pro-health behaviours (p = 0.024) was also demonstrated; in the case of the Spanish students the level of pro-health behaviours increased, but for the Polish students it decreased.
3
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The Athlete's Perception of Coaches’ Behavior Towards Competitors with a Different Sports Level

81%
Siekanska M., Blecharz J., Wojtowicz A.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2013
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vol. 39
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issue 1
231-242
EN
The study was designed to examine how active and former athletes across a different sports level perceived coaching behavior. Eighty competitive athletes (44 males and 36 females; 21.89 ±1.48 years of age; 8.35 ± 3.65 years of competitive experience) from the University School of Physical Education in Cracow, Poland, participated in the study. They represented both individual (n = 50) and team sports (n = 30). Seventeen participants were internationally renowned and 63 were recognized for competitive excellence at a national level. The participants responded to a demographic survey and the Coaches’ Behaviors Survey. The qualitative analysis procedures were employed to extract themes from open-ended questions. It was confirmed that coaches who perceived their athletes as more skilled, also treated them differently. Female athletes as compared with male athletes, more frequently pointed at the leniency in coach’s behavior towards highly skilled athletes, and perceived it as a factor inhibiting athletic development. Additionally, women often found individualization of the training process as a behavior reinforcing development. Less accomplished athletes more often pointed out to “a post-training session interest in the athlete” as directed only towards more accomplished counterparts; however, they indicated “leniency and favoring” less often than the athletes with international achievements. They also listed “excessive criticism” as a type of behavior hindering development, but they indicated coaches’ “authoritarianism and distance” less frequently than the more accomplished counterparts. The study added data to the discussion of the Pygmalion effect and the phenomenon of the self-fulfilling prophecy both in general (Rosenthal and Jacobson, 1968; Harris and Rosenthal, 1985; Jussim, 1989) and sport psychology (Harris and Rosenthal, 1985; Horn et al., 1998; Solomon and Kosmitzki, 1996; Solomon et al., 1998; Solomon, 2001).
4
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Readiness to change and pro-health behaviours among students of physical education and other teaching specialisations

81%
Kosiba G., Gacek M., Wojtowicz A.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
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2019
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vol. 28
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issue 4
53-66
EN
The aim of the study was to analyse the relationship between the profile of readiness to change and pro-health behaviours as well as physical activity among students of physical education and other teaching specialisation. The study was carried out among a randomly selected group of teaching specialisation students (464 females and 143 males). In the research, the following were applied: Inventory of Pro-health Behaviours by Z. Juczyński, the IPAQ and the Readiness to Change Questionnaire. Diversification in pro-health behaviours, level of physical activity and selected features of readiness to change among students of teaching specialisations was demonstrated. In the general population, along with the increase in selfconfidence, passion and optimism, the level of health pro-behaviours also increased. Regardless of the type of studies, there were significant positive correlations between the level of physical activity and the degree of passion, optimism and boldness. Among students of other teaching specialisations (apart from physical education), a positive relationship was also noted between physical activity and creativity. Among the students of teaching specialisations, a correlation was demonstrated between the level of pro-health behaviours and physical activity as well as the degree of selected features constituting readiness to change.
5
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Selected determinants of the frequency of consuming particular food product groups among regional-level football referees

81%
Gacek M., Kosiba G., Wojtowicz A.
Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine
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2020
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vol. 32
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issue 4
5-14
EN
The aim of the study was to assess the frequency of consuming particular food groups among regional-level football referees depending on age, refereeing experience and sense of generalised self-efficacy. The study was conducted among agroup of 138 male football referees from the Małopolska and Podkarpacie regions, using the authors’ own questionnaire on food consumption frequency and the Generalised Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). It was shown that along with the age of the referees, the frequency of consuming fruit (p < 0.001), milk and dairy products with reduced fat content (p < 0.001), poultry and cold-cuts (p < 0.01) as well as nuts (p < 0.001) increased, while the frequency of consuming white cereal products (p < 0.001) and sea fish (p < 0.05) decreased. Along with refereeing experience, the frequency of eating fruit (p < 0.001), milk and dairy products with reduced fat content (p < 0.01), poultry meat and cold-cuts (p = 0.001), nuts (p < 0.001) and alcoholic beverages (p < 0.001) increased, while the frequency of consuming white cereal products (p < 0.001), sea fish (p < 0.05) and sweet carbonated drinks (p < 0.01) decreased. Apositive correlation was found between the intensity of generalised self-efficacy and the frequency of consuming milk and dairy products with reduced fat content (p < 0.01), fermented dairy products (p < 0.01), eggs (p < 0.001) and mineral water (p < 0.001) as well as dry red wine (p < 0.05), and anegative correlation was noted with the frequency of consuming pork (p < 0.05), fast food products (p = 0.001) and sweetened carbonated beverages (p < 0.001). In the examined group of regional-level football referees, there was atendency towards more rational nutrition choices along with age and refereeing experience as well as asense of self-efficacy, while the most explicit trends regarded relationships with the sense of self-efficacy.
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