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The Influence of Sodium Phosphate Supplementation on VO2max, Serum 2,3-diphosphoglycerate Level and Heart Rate in Off-road Cyclists

100%
Czuba M., Zając A., Poprzecki S., Cholewa J.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2008
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vol. 19
149-164
EN
The main objective of the work was to evaluate the influence of a six day supplementation with sodium phosphate on circulatory and pulmonary variables, the level of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and the concentration of inorganic phosphates in blood serum of elite off-road cyclists. The research material included 19 cyclists which were randomly divided into a experimental group, supplemented with sodium phosphate and a control group receiving a placebo The subjects in the experimental group ingested sodium diphosphate in a dose of 50mg/kg of fat free mass per day. The supplement was ingested in even doses, four times per day. The control group received 4g of glucose in gelatin capsules (500mg), which were also divided into 4 even portions. During the experiment a significant (p<0.05) increase in maximal oxygen uptake was observed (VO2max), maximal minute ventilation (VEmax), as well as oxygen pulse (O2/HR). Also a significant decrease in resting and maximal exercise heart rate occurred. This was also true for each exercise load. A significant (p<0.05) increase in the serum concentration of non-organic phosphates (P) was observed which was accompanied by a decrease in serum calcium (Ca) concentration. The changes in the resting and post exercise concentration of 2,3-DPG were non significant, yet the supplementation procedure showed a tendency for increased level of this variable.
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Senior Fitness Test in assessing the effectiveness of motor rehabilitation in the context of Parkinson’s disease patients’ quality of life

88%
Urgacz K., Cholewa J., Uher I., Sahin B., Cholewa J.
Physical Activity Review
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2018
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vol. 6
110-116
EN
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system. The main problems associated with losses at the motor level are: tremor, rigidity, postural instability and bradykinesia. Many publications related to rehabilitation in PD r efers to methods which are used to rehabilitate patients, but there is lack of significant amount of publications concerning tools to examine the effectiveness of these programs. The purpose of the work was to determine the suitability of Senior Fitness Te st (SFT) in the assessment of the effectiveness of physical rehabilitation of people with PD. The research was conducted in a group of 52 people (age 64.52 ± 7.56 years) with idiopathic PD disease (duration of the disease was 6.69 ± 4.93 years) in II stage in Hoehn & Yahr scale. Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) was used to determine the clinical status of patients. Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (PDQL) was applied to determine the quality of life. The patients were divided into a group of participants and non -participants in the process of physical rehabilitation. Obtained results in the tests showed statistically significant differences between the groups in all the tests. The biggest absolute difference was observed in the Back Scratch test (308,33%). In order to achieve the main goal of the work, the correlation coefficients between the quality of life and the results of the SFT were calculated. The obtained results show that correlation between all the tests in both groups is at least moderate. The highest correlation was recorded in the "2 -minute walk" test in both groups. It was found that there is a relationship between SFT results and the quality of life of people with PD. SFT is a helpful tool in assessing the effect iveness of physical rehabilitation of people with PD.
3
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Lactate Threshold (D-Max Method) and Maximal Lactate Steady State in Cyclists

76%
Czuba M., Zając A., Cholewa J., Poprzęcki S., Waśkiewicz Z., Mikołajec K.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2009
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vol. 21
49-56
EN
The Maximal Lactate Steady State (MLSS) is defined as the highest workload that can be maintained over time where there is a balance between lactate production and lactate clearance. Therefore, determination of this workload is very importance for diagnosis of aerobic capacity and training program design.The main objective of this study was to evaluate the validity of lactate threshold values determined by the D-max method as related to MLSS in cyclists. The research material included 10 female (body height 167±5.7 cm; body mass 56±4.8 kg; percent body fat 12.3±2.1) and 10 male well-trained cyclists (body height 183.5±4.4 cm; body mass 73.2±4.1 kg; percent body fat 7.9±2.6). The research had two distinct phases, separated by one day of active recovery. During the first phase, progressive tests were carried out to determine lactate threshold and maximal oxygen uptake in each subject. During the second phase, each athlete performed a series of 30-min ergocycle tests, with a fixed workload to establish maximal lactate steady state.Results showed no significant differences between lactate threshold workload (WRLT), determined by the D-max method, and maximal lactate steady state workload (WRMLSS) in female and male cyclists, expressed in absolute and relative values. Differences between male and female cyclists in absolute and relative values of WRLT, WRMLSS, and WRmax were significant (p<0.05), but in relative values there was a tendency for decreased differences between groups. The oxygen uptake at the lactate threshold and MLSS were significantly (p<0.05) different. Also, a significant (p<0.05) difference was observed in values of heart rate and lactate concentration at the lactate threshold and MLSS. The analysis of changes in lactate concentration, heart rate and oxygen uptake between the 10th and 30th minutes of MLSS, indicates that there was a significant (p<0.05) increase in these values in male and female cyclists. The strong correlation (r=0.97; p<0.05) between WRLT and WRMLSS was found. Also, a significant correlation between (r=0.96; p<0.05) WRMLSS and peak workload during the incremental test (WRmax) (r=0.96; p<0.05) was also observed.
4
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Effects of Growth Hormone Therapy and Physical Exercise on Anaerobic and Aerobic Power, Body Composition, Lipoprotein Profile in Middle Aged Men

76%
Zajâc A., Czuba M., Poprzecki S., Waśkiewicz Z., Cholewa J., Pilch J., Chycki J.
Journal of Human Kinetics
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2010
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vol. 25
67-76
EN
Recently growth hormone therapy has been used as an age delaying drug in middle aged men and women as well as in the elderly. Positive effects have been shown in regards to body mass and body composition changes, fat metabolism, bone mineral density and muscle strength. Exercise is a potent physiological stimulus for growth hormone secretion and both aerobic and resistance exercise results in significant, acute serum increases in GH concentration. It is unclear however whether a combination of exercise and hGH therapy further increases physical performance in adults and increases changes in body composition and biochemical variables related to health. For this purpose a group of 15 middle aged men (45,7±5,8 years, 93,2±16,3kg and 183,3±4cm), slightly overweight were randomly divided into an experimental and control groups. Both groups exercised for 3 month, performing 2 aerobic sessions per week and 2 resistance workouts, increasing training loads every two weeks. The experimental group received additionally hGH subcutaneous injections beginning with 0,2 IU daily for the first month and then increasing it to 0,4 and 0,6 IU in successive month. VO2max was evaluated during a progressive ergocycle test to volitional exhaustion, while anaerobic power and capacity were measured during the 30s Wingate test. Additionally body mass and body composition were evaluated as well as the lipoprotein profile and the concentration of chosen anabolic hormones. The results indicate a significant rise in resting concentrations of GH and IGF-1 after the replacement therapy but no additional benefits in regards to aerobic fitness and fat metabolism in comparison to exercise only. A more profound effect was observed in case of anaerobic performance, thus it was concluded that even small doses of hGH stimulated additional protein synthesis following resistance exercise what allowed for significant increases in FFM, anaerobic power (W/kg) and capacity (J/kg) as evaluated obtained during the Wingate test. It was concluded that for a more significant effect of hGH therapy in regards to physical performance greater doses of this hormone have to be used, along with an intensive exercise program.
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