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1

Induction of genetic variation in vitro

100%
Skucinska B.
Biotechnologia
|
2001
|
issue 3
145-151
EN
The effectiveness of traditional methods for inducing genetic variation has greatly increased with the introduction of various techniques in vitro. The new methods of obtaining generative and somatic hybrids in vitro have resulted in a greater recombinant variation, exceeding the levels delimited hitherto by mating barriers. The potential for producing mutants has expanded due to the use of mutant somatic cells (brought in with the explant) as well as to the application of mutagens to individual cells and protoplasts, the haploid ones in particular. Two specific types of variation, i.e. somaclonal and gametoclonal variation, have proved to arise under the influence of various factors in tissue culture. However, the full application of these two types is inhibited to some extent by the constrains on the regeneration ability of plants in culture, on the possibility to select variants in vitro, and on the continuity of the resulting changes. Cultures in vitro also make it possible to introduce directional genetic changes through the application of molecular techniques.
2

Comparison of micropropagation methods in Polish cultivars of barley and oat

51%
Kruczkowska H., Pawlowska H., Skucinska B.
Biotechnologia
|
2010
|
issue 2
83-88
EN
Obtaining transgenic plants in cereal cultivars of agronomic value requires an efficient method of micropropagation which does not cause additional variation. Recently suggested protocols consist in inducing regeneration of multiple shoots from apical meristems of seedlings derived in vitro from mature dry seeds. We have compared the efficiency of three protocols: after Zhang et al. (4), Sharma et al. (8) and Ganeshan et al. (10) in several Polish cultivars of barley and oat. I In the examined cultivars, the protocol after Ganeshan et al. (10) proved to be more efficient, less laborious and faster.
3

Influence of anther pretreatment on the efficiency of androgenesis in barley

51%
Kruczkowska H., Pawlowska H., Skucinska B.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2002
|
vol. 43
|
issue 3
287-296
EN
The change in the developmental pathway of microspores from gametophytic to sporophytic is induced by stress during pretreatment of spikes and anthers. In our experiments, anther culture of three barley cultivars was tested with regard to the effect of chilling at 4?C for 28 days, starvation in 0.3 M mannitol solution for 4 days, and a combination of both methods. Chilling was shown to increase embryo/callus formation, while mannitol treatment favoured plant development, including development of green plants; simultaneous application of the two stress factors for 4 days proved to be ineffective. The tested cultivars exhibited a similar ability (calculated per 100 transferred embryos/calli) to develop plants without pretreatment; however, their responses to stress varied greatly. The collected data indicate that mannitol pretreatment, as compared to chilling, is more efficient in responsive cultivars.
4

The effect of 2,4-D concentration and osmotic stress on the androgenic response in anther culture of barley

51%
Kruczkowska H., Pawlowska H., Skucinska B.
Biotechnologia
|
2004
|
issue 2
244-250
EN
Induction of androgenesis in in vitro microspore culture of barley is the most efficient method of haploidisation, but it is difficult to use in the conditions of a plant breeding station. For this reason, the method has been improved side by side with the technique of anther culture. In anther culture of 3 barley cultivars, pretreatment with 0.7 mol dm-3 mannitol and the addition of 0.2 mg dm-3 2,4-D to the induction medium have been shown to exert a favourable effect. In cv. Mobek, the interaction of the two tested stress agents, mannitol and auxin, has been proved.
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