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Occurrence of Philometra sp. and its impact on ovary of Mugil chephalus

100%
Periyasamy S., Rangasamy N., Muthaiyan R.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2020
|
vol. 30
|
issue 2
194-202
EN
The aim of this work was to study the occurrence and impact of the Philometra sp. infestation in ovaries of Mugil chephalus from two different landing centers in Tamil Nadu of southeast coast of India. The samples were collected from Parangipettai and Nagapattinam. The prevalence and mean intensity of nematode infection and description were investigated. Based on the light and SEM microscopical examination, this species differs from other Philometra sp. in morphological and biometrical measurements by type of the infected fish family and by the ecological distribution. The study reveals that maximum (77%) prevalence of parasitic infestation was observed during monsoon 2017 in Parangipettai, whereas minimum (2%) was during the postmonsoon 2018 in Nagapattinam. The higher (7) mean intensity of parasitic infestation was noted during postmonsoon 2017 in Nagapattinam, whereas minimum (2) was during premonsoon 2018 in Parangipettai. The results of the ANOVA showed that there was no significant variation found prevalence and mean intensity of parasitic infestations between the stations. But there was a significant variation found between the season in the both stations. This is the first report of Philometra sp. in the ovary of Mugil chephalus. On the basis of nematode, infestation may cause a serious damage to ovary by slurping the blood, causing atrophy of developing ova, fibrosis, increasing granulocytes and hemorrhages, thus harmfully affecting the fish reproduction and indirectly affecting the fisher men communities.
2
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Evaluation of botanicals against: mosquito larvae to the extracts Acalypha indica L.

88%
Muthaiyan R., Phejen P., Nienu R., Periyasamy S., Nandakumar R.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2020
|
vol. 30
|
issue 2
169-177
EN
Acalypha indica is the important medicinal herb found commonly on the waste land and roadsides throughout India. Their various uses in traditional medicine are for curative properties against inflammation, rheumatism, respiratory disorders, fever, bacterial infection and jaundice. The mosquito control potential of common indigenous plant, Acalypha indica. Mosquito species used for toxicity bioassay are Culex quinquefasciatus, Anopheles gambiae and Armigeres subalbatus. Acalypha indica activities of the plant extracts vary according to the species. The mortality rate of 4th stage larva at 5% concentration was significantly higher than the mortality, rates at 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% concentrations of crude plant extract at 12 hours and 24 h exposure. A higher mortality rate was observed at 24 h bioassay than at 12 h. Since these plants are available very easily and cheaply, we can use these extracts in the field.
3
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Immune response of shrimp Peneaus monodon against Vibrio parahaemolyticus

88%
Muthaiyan R., Krishnan S., Periyasamy S., Chetri Z., Nandakumar R.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2020
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vol. 30
|
issue 2
150-168
EN
The study was carried out on impact of vibriosis by using Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Peneaus monodon Fabricius, 1798, collected from Nagapattinam. The impact was studied on heamatological and biochemical parameters. Feeds were prepared by coating probiotic strains of B. firmus and B. coagulans. Laboratory investigations were carried out concerning impact of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus of total count, differential count, Nitroblue tetrazolium activity, Prophenoloxidase activity and bacterial clearance in P. monodon. Total heamocyte was enumerated in vibriosis by induced shrimps, all results showing an increase in total haemocyte count after the time of infection. After feeding, the total heamocyte count was 1442 cells/cu·mm in control animals, in B. coagulans supplemented animals 2757 cells/cu.mm and in B. firmus was 2448 cell/cu·mm. After feed supplementation the shrimps were infected with V. parahaemolyticus and their impact on total haemocyte count was assessed in all three groups. In control, the total haemocyte count was increased with 2560 cells/cu·mm, whereas in B. coagulansis 5126 cells/cu·mm, and in B. firmusis 4697cells/cu·mm. Two-way Analysis of Variance for total haemocyte count in normal and infected haemolymph showed a significant variation. The control samples recorded the lowest, and after infection B. coagulans supplemented animals recorded maximum counts among three groups. Differential count was evaluated by studying the three types of cells. There was not much variation in the percentage of cells, but a slight decrease was observed in the hyaline cells after 24 hours of infection. The NBT activity was 1.4 (NBT activity) in control animals, 2.7 in B. coagulans and 2.4 in B. firmus supplemented animals. Maximum reduction was observed in control animals with 0.92, 1.7 in B. coagulans and 1.4 in B. firmus supplemented animals. There was an initial spurt of vibrios when cultured in selective medium TCBS in all three treatments and gradual decrease in the vibrios count during 24 hours observation.
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