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  1. 1051 Biotechnologia

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  3. 6 Zeszyty Naukowe Towarzystwa Doktorantów Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. Nauki Ścisłe

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1

Arabidopsis as a model system to study the regulation of flowering time

100%
Coupland G.
Biotechnologia
|
1996
|
issue 1
26-39
EN
The time that plants flower is often tightly regulated and adapted to the locations in which they grow.The basis of this regulation has been analysed using genetic and physiological approaches since the early decades of this country.The study of flowering time in the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana has allowed many genes involved in regulating fowering time to be identified as mutations, and the genetic interactions between these mutations have been studied. Furthermore, two genes required to promote flowering of Arabidopsis have recently been isolated, and their sequences have provided some insight into the identity of proteins involved in regulating flowering time.
2

Plant genes encoding some of the enzymes of phenylpropanoid metabolism pathway

100%
Narozna D., Madrzak C. J.
Biotechnologia
|
1999
|
issue 3
154-168
EN
The phenylpropanoid metabolism in plants is an important source of numerous compounds of great importance in development and defense. In particular, flavonoids play a significant role as signal compounds, phytoalexins, UV-protectants, pigments etc. Numerous enzymes (PAL, CHS, CHI, CHR, IFR and many others) are involved in this branched metabolic pathway. The key enzymes of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis are phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and chalcone synthase (CHS). Both enzymes (as well as some other of the pathway) are encoded by multigene families. The organospecific expression of different members of these families is presumably the key factor for the regulation of the entire pathway. Several cis-elements, and trans-acting factors have been already described, however it is too early to formulate the conclusive model of the overall transcriptional regulation of the phenylpropanoid metabolism.
3

Characterization and application of embryonic stem cells ESC in animal biotechnology

100%
Lechniak D.
Biotechnologia
|
1993
|
issue 2
55-62
EN
The micromanipulations of embryos and gametes are important tasks in animal biotechnology. These techniques can be used in animal cloning and transgenesis. For achieving these goals, embryonic stem cells are of principial interest. In vitro cultures of ESC can be derived from whole embryos or isolated inner cell masses (ICM). The attraction of ESC to animal biotechnological research is their pluripotency. ESC are able to contribute to all tissues, including germ lines. To obtain transgenic animals, ESC can be genetically transformed prior to the introduction to embryos. Present status of knowledge of ESC and their possible usefulness for genetic improvement of farm animals are discussed.
4
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Nutritional analysis and wine production potentials of Telfairia occidentalis (fluted pumpkin) leaves and Cucumis sativus L. (cucumber) using Baker’s and palm wine yeast strains

100%
Ebana R. U. B., Edet U. O., Anosike K. I., Etok C. A., Kanu T. O.
|
2019
|
vol. 22
12-30
EN
Telfairia occidentalis leaves and Cucumis sativus (cucumber) are vegetables that grow best in Tropical countries like Nigeria and have good nutritional properties but are highly perishable. Both vegetables were evaluated for wine production singly and in composite forms using palm wine and Baker’s yeast strains. In addition to wine production, the vegetables were screened for phytochemicals, anti-nutrients and nutrients (proximate composition, elements and vitamins) using standard methodologies. Proximate composition (g/100g dry matter) revealed that T. occidentalis leaves had moisture content, ash, protein, fat, fibre and carbohydrate contents of 86.60±0.10, 5.72±0.02, 4.30±0.10, 0.97±0.02, 6.30±0.10 and 82.45±0.02, respectively. In contrast, Cucumis sativus had a moisture content, ash, protein, fat, fibre and carbohydrate contents of 96.75±0.01, 5.40±0.02, 13.50±0.02, 10.30±0.10, and 66.12±0.01, respectively. Both plants contained various phytochemicals, including alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, reducing compounds and polyphenol, but not anthraquinones and phlabotanins. However, on quantification, reducing compounds and polyphenol recorded the highest concentrations. Vitamins A and C were detected in both samples. C. sativus had high amounts of K, P, and Mg and moderate amounts of Ca, Na, Cu, Fe and Mg. T. occidentalis leaves had moderate amounts of Ca, Zn, Fe, Mg, Ca and Na. Anti-nutrients levels were all below allowable regulatory limits for vegetables. Density, pH and alcohol values ranged from 0.20 - 0.99, 0.30- 4.6 and 1.95 - 9.94%, respectively. Sensory evaluation of the wine samples showed that wine produced from 70% fluted pumpkin and 30% cucumber had the best scores in terms of acceptability, taste, aroma and appearance. Given the findings in the study, wine production using tropical vegetables could double as a viable alternative to tropical fruits and also help to curb post-harvest losses commonly experienced in the tropics.
5

Gene therapy by means of liposomes

100%
Kunio Y.
Biotechnologia
|
1996
|
issue 4
17-25
EN
One great advantage of liposome-encapsulated genes for gene theraphy is its safeness.But a shortcoming is its low transfection effeciency.To overcome this shortage, we devised cationic large uniamellar vesicles for efficient and transfer of the gene for its expression.Recently, we devised a simple method to prepare cationic multilamellar large vesicles.By use of these vesicles, malignant glioma in an experimental model was successfully cured.
6

Environmental biosensor technology

100%
Spener F., Siegman-Thoss C.
Biotechnologia
|
1996
|
issue 2
153-164
EN
The evolution of biosensor research corresponds with the increasing need for fast, sensitive and selective measuring device.This paper will focus on recent developments that have been advanced in our Institute. (I) As an electrochemical device a highly sensitive multi-enzyme sensor for the determination of inorgatic phosphate was developed using 4 enzymes for signal amplification. (II) Immunosensing of low molecular mass analytes is demonstrated by a flow injection system for the determination of herbicides in drinking water, such as 2,4-D and for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil. (III) Microbial sensors for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were developed as well as new approaches to the determination of the biochemical oxygen demand.(BOD). (IV) The "double matrix membrane" technology is an innovative possibility for the production of cheap disposable electrodes for sensors, for example for the detection of urea.(V) Based on surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPRS) a miniaturized fibre optical sensor was developed for sensing environmental hazards in liquids as well as in air.
7

Tumor markers studied with proteomic methods in blood and serum plasma

100%
Pietrowska M.
|
2009
|
issue 2
39-53
EN
Proteins are major components that directly determine phenotypes of cells and organisms, in either normal or pathological conditions. Because of numerous post-translational events that modify structure and function of proteins, the knowledge of genomes is only at the beginning of understanding of the full complexity of biological systems. 'Proteomics' is the study of proteomes, which addresses proteins' 3D structure, function, and their inter- and intracellular communication. Among primary goals of proteomics, there is discovery of biomarker for various human disease conditions. Plasma and serum are considered to be the source of choice in molecular diagnostics. The development of cancer involves transformation and proliferation of altered cell types that produce unique proteins and enzymes, which can significantly modify the pattern of serum peptides and proteins. The serum protein/peptide profiles that could be registered using different analytical methodologies appear to carry important information with direct clinical applicability. Importantly, such peptide profiles itself could become a new kind of potential tumor marker. These approaches are promising, but the results obtained are still preliminary. For example, detection of disease markers in the blood proteome could be hampered by its extremely low concentrations and the presence of a few abundant components (e.g., albumin and immunoglobulins), and thus development of more specific and sensitive analytical methods is still required. Nevertheless, identification of serum proteomic patterns or molecular signatures specific for different cancer types, stages and responses to therapy is possible at this moment. This article provides a comprehensive overview of current methodologies used for cancer biomarkers detection in blood proteome.
8

Biological treatment of coloured textile wastewater

100%
Solecka M., Ledakowicz S.
Biotechnologia
|
2005
|
issue 2
103-124
EN
The survey of biological methods for treatment of coloured textile wastewater is presented in the paper. Advantages and disadvantages of aerobic, anaerobic and anaerobic-aerobic processes of textile wastewater biodegradation are discussed. Special attention is given to the problems of removal of synthetic dyes from wastewater in conventional biological treatment systems. Alternative methods of decolourisation of textile wastewater based on natural ability of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, algae) present in the environment are discussed.
9

Transfer of genes from Dasypyrum villosum (Haynaldia villosa L.) to Secale cereale L.

100%
Apolinarska B., Gruszecka D.
Biotechnologia
|
2001
|
issue 2
63-65
EN
The subject of the study was fertile diploid hybrids of rye, cv. Amilo (2n = RR = 14) with Dasypyrum villosum (Crimea, Ukraine) (2n = VV = 14) ? wild species belonging to Triticeae. translocation. Plants which morphologicaly resembled rye and which showed the highest The analysed strains were obtained using in vitro cultures with subsequent backcrossing of hybrid plants with pollen of ?Amilo? or D. villosum in the case of heterozygotic fertility and total protein content in kernels were selected during several generations. The small differences in the occurrence of heterochromatine bands in rye chromosomes were revealed by the differential staining technique at the stage of mitosis, between hybrid plants and ?Amilo? cv. Cells with mixoploid chromosome number 2n = 13, 2n = 14 and 2n = 15 were present in some plants. Neither substitution nor evident chromosome translocation were found in generations B3/F3 and B4/F2 under investigation. Therefore, the technique of nucleic acids hybridization in situ will be applied to detect fragments of D. villosum genotype introgressed into rye.
10

Introgression of Brassica napus genome into restorer lines for CMS ogura estimated with the use of molecular markers

100%
Poplawska W., Bartkowiak-Broda I.
Biotechnologia
|
2001
|
issue 1
112-118
EN
The object of research were double low restorer lines of CMS ogura. The restorer gene was introgressed into rapeseed genotype from radish (Raphanus sativus) through intergeneric hybridisation. The obtained recombinants of rapeseed with the restorer gene comprise a DNA fragment originating from radish, which is bigger than the locus of the restorer gene. It disturbs the first meiotic behaviour in PMC. In addition, it has an impact on the fertility and yielding ability of restorer lines. Moreover, the restorer gene in the obtained recombinant is tightly linked with a gene responsible for high content of undesirabled compounds in seeds - glucosinolates. Elimination of the unnecessary DNA fragment is performed by backcrosses with double low lines of winter rapeseed. The changes in rapeseed genome which are a result of backcrosses are investigated by the use of molecular and isozyme markers. Key words: Brassica napus, restorer gene, introgression, molecular and isozyme markers. Adres do korespondencji:
11

Structure of some plant organellar genes

100%
Augustyniak H.
Biotechnologia
|
1993
|
issue 4
118-124
EN
Some of the organellar genes contain introns.Most of genes possesing introns in higher plants contain single introns. Introns found in chloroplast genes can be classified into three groups based on their structures. The largest group includes introns which can be folded into a secondary structure similar to the postulated structure of group II introns in fungal mitochondrial genes.The tobacco, rice and liverwort chloroplast rps 12 is divided into three exons and requires both cis and trans splicing in order to produce the mature mRNA.The genes coding for NADH dehydrogenase subunit I,II,V in mitochondria of some higher plants are split into a few exons which are located in distant genome regions. Maturation of the mRNAs requires both trans and cis splicing reactions.Trans splicing is belived to involve interaction between group II intron pieces.RNA editing appears to be a regulatory mechanism altering the pool of transtable mRNAs.
12

Biological purificationof gases - present state and future perspectives

100%
Szklarczyk M., Czemarmazowicz M., Adamiak W.
Biotechnologia
|
1997
|
issue 1
108-116
EN
Basic knowledge on biological waste air treatment and the area of ist applications are presented.Principles of operation of bioscrubbers are described.Laboratory resarches results of air biofiltration rate on peat as a packing material are also presented.This paper traces out the development directions of biofilatration and perspectives of its dissemination in our country.
13

Recovery of titanium from the ore tailings

100%
Jaworska M. M., Guibal E.
Biotechnologia
|
2002
|
issue 2
193-199
EN
Ore flotation residue has been tested for the recovery of titanium in two different systems (agitated vessel and percolated fixed-bed column). For each of these systems, titanium extraction did not exceed 1 % of the metal available. Biomass removed from ore residue adsorbed a small part of the titanium with sorption capacities below 20-30 mg g-1, but the best part of this biomass was sequestered on the ore residue. Oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations were monitored, and changes in concentration correlated with bacteria and fungal development.
14

Structure, function, and polymorphism of the growth hormone receptor gene in humans and in animals

100%
Maj A., Zwierzchowski L.
Biotechnologia
|
2004
|
issue 1
85-107
EN
Growth hormone (GH) plays a central role in the regulation of growth and metabolism in animals and in humans. At the tissue levels, the pleiotropic actions of GH are mediated through their cell-surface receptor - GHR. The GHR belongs to the hematopoietic receptor superfamily. In mammals, GHR is the product of a single gene. In all studied, species GHR gene characterizes a complex structure of exon 1, coding for the 5'-untraslated region (5'-UTR). Several transcripts from the GHR gene were found differing by the presence of various length 5'-UTRs, resulting from the alternative splicing of the exon 1 fragments to a common splice site located 11-bp in the human and in bovine GHR gene exon 2. Numerous nucleotide sequence polymorphisms were found in the human GHR gene; some of them, those associated to GH resistance, were identified as the causative mutations of growth retardation, e.g. Laron's syndrome. In farm animals, genes coding for GH and GHR are obvious candidates for quantitative trait markers. Several polymorphic sites have been identified in the bovine GHR gene. At least in two cases, an association was reported between GHR gene polymorphism and performance traits. Detection of additional polymorphisms is necessary to help investigating the role of GHR variation in the production traits of the cattle. This article includes a review of literature on structure, function and polymorphism within GHR gene. Also, there are mentioned new data concerning the polymorphism recently identified by authors in the bovine GHR gene.
15

Review of a state of know-how on the biochemical changes of mineral nitrogen during waste water treatment process

100%
Podedworna J., Zubrowska-Sudol M.
Biotechnologia
|
2004
|
issue 1
127-141
EN
The paper presents review of a state of know-how on the biochemical changes of mineral nitrogen. New ways of nitrogen elimination from waste water were described: autotrophic nitrification/autotrophic oxygen denitrification, autotrophic nitrification/autotrophic anaerobic denitrification (anaerobic ammonium oxidation), heterotrophic nitrification/heterotrophic oxygen nitrification.
16

Using respiratory deficient mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to glucose and xylose cofermentation with Pichia stipitis

100%
Kordowska-Wiatr M., Targonski Z.
Biotechnologia
|
1997
|
issue 4
94-102
EN
One of the main problems limiting the economic production of ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass is D-xylose fermentation. In a medium containing glucose and xylose, it is preferable to achieve conversion with glucose fermenting yeast like S. cerevisiae and xylose fermenting yeast like P. stipitis. In order to resolve this problem, it is better to use respiratory deficient mutants. In this research, respiratory deficient mutant strains S. cerevisiae V30 and Ja(a) were obtained and their ability to ferment glucose in coculture with P. stipitis was investigated. A higher xylose conversion was observed in P. stipitis cultivation with these mutants because of better oxygen conditions than in the culture with native S. cerevisiae. A degree of assimilated xylose did not efficiently increased ethanol yields but on the other hand it increased the production of yeast biomass. Process considerations in relation to the fermentative performances using different strains combinations are discussed.
17

Baculovirus in biotechnology

100%
Gozdzicka-Jozefiak A., Olejnik A.
Biotechnologia
|
2002
|
issue 1
71-86
EN
Baculoviruses are a diverse group of large viruses with covalently close double-stranded DNA genomes of 80-200 kilobasepairs (kbp). Baculoviruses are pathogenic for invertebrates, primarily for insects. Baculovirus particles exist in two biochemically and morphologically distinct forms, an extracellular, nonoccluded (NOV), budded virus (BV) and an occluded form (OV), which are known as polyhedral derived viruses (PDV). Baculovirus genes expression is divided into three basic phases: early (E), late (L) and very late (VL). Briefly, these phases correspond biologically to: (E) reprogramming the cell for virus replication, (L) producing BV and (VL) producing OV. The several baculovirus genes are nonessential for virus replication, and their lack in viral genome does not have any effect on forming of infectious virus particles in the tissue culture. Some of the gene expression is driven by very strong late promoters (polyhedrin and p10) and their loci are ideal cloning sites for genes of heterologous proteins. The baculovirus expression vector system is the powerful tool for production of foreign proteins. One of the major advantages of the insect cell/baculovirus system over bacterial and mammalian systems is a very high expression of recombinant proteins, which is in many cases, antigenically, immunogenically and functionally similar to their native counterparts.
18

Application of molecular techniques in animal breeding

100%
Stranzinger G.
Biotechnologia
|
1996
|
issue 2
20-30
EN
The use of newly established molecular genetic information gained by RFLPs, mini-and microsatellities, sequencing datas and physical and genetic genemaps will have a significant influence on animal breeding strategies.Molecular pharming with farm animals is not considered as a part of animal breeding, since the aim of this production system is to concentrate on very specific products produced by very few animals under defined conditions.
19

The application of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides strategy in studies on molecular regulation of haematopoiesis

100%
Ratajczak M. Z., Kuczynski W. I.
Biotechnologia
|
1995
|
issue 1
56-64
EN
In this paper, different aspects of the aplication of antisense strategy in experimental haematology based on own experimental results are discussed.This strategy was succesfullu applied to study role of the : c-kit, STK-1 (FLK2/FLT3), IGF-IR, c-mpl, c-vav and c-myb genes in regulation of human haematopoiesis.
20

Foot and mouth disease vaccines and perspectives of their development

100%
Paprocka G., Kesy A.
Biotechnologia
|
1993
|
issue 2
97-104
EN
Progress in techniques of foot and mouth disease vaccine production from conventionally prepared vaccine to synthetic preparates was presented.
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