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Effect of Added Weights on the Characteristics of Vertical Ground Reaction Force During Walk-to-Run Gait Transition

100%
Nimbarte A., Li L.
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EN
Purpose. In this study, the effect of added weights on the various force and time related characteristics of vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) during the last five steps prior to walk-to-run transition was studied. Basic procedures. Experimental set up consisted of a force platform embedded treadmill. Sixteen college students performed experimental trials by carrying 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of their body weight. During each trial, after walking for about 30 seconds the speed of the treadmill was increased manually at a rate of 0.089 m/s/s (0.2 miles/hour) until the participant started running. Main findings. A significant interaction (weights × steps) was observed for the first peak of VGRF. The trough, second peak, impulse, and rate of force development of VGRF increased with added weights. During the last five walking steps, most of VGRF parameters changed in a nonlinear fashion. Conclusions. Based on the behavior of VGRF parameters and manually recorded preferred transition speed values, we argue that the added weights would reduce the walk-to-run transition speed. We further speculate that a combination of transition determinants actively participate in the reorganization process during the last five walking steps, prompting the gait transition.
2
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Some q-rung orthopair linguistic Heronian mean operators with their application to multi-attribute group decision making

81%
Li L., Zhang R., Wang J., Shang X.
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issue 4
3
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A Coupled Smoothed Finite Element-Boundary Element Method for Structural-Acoustic Analysis of Shell

81%
Tian W., Li L., Yao L.
Archives of Acoustics
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2017
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vol. 42
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issue 1
4
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Convection Rolls and Individual Particles Movements in Horizontally Vibrated Granular Particles System

71%
Rehman A., Wu P., Li L., Zhang S., Wang L.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2016
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vol. 130
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issue 6
1336-1342
EN
Convection in horizontally vibrated granular systems is significant for scientists and engineers for their importance in the field of mining, geo-physics, and pharmaceutical etc. This research work studied three types of convection rolls, "Homogeneous convection roll", "lower-right diagonal convection roll" and "upper-right diagonal convection roll" which occurred in a square container filled with binary granular particles mixture of sized d=(4.0±0.2) mm and d=(8.0±0.2) mm. Container was vibrated horizontally with low frequencies f and low dimensionless acceleration Γ. Helical movement was observed along the walls perpendicular to direction of motion while straight-line movement along the walls horizontal to direction of motion. Helical and straight-line movements of particles along the walls are the part of convection rolls. A heap appeared due to vibration, which has dominant effect on the convection rolls. Heap position is function of frequency f and dimensionless accelerations Γ.
5
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Efficient Lewis acid-assisted Brønsted acid (LBA) catalysis in the iron-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction of indoles

52%
Jiang Z.-Y., Wu J.-R., Li L., Chen X.-H., Lai G.-Q., Jiang J.-X., Lu Y., Xu L.-W.
Open Chemistry
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2010
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vol. 8
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issue 3
669-673
EN
Lewis acid-assisted Brønsted acid (LBA) catalysis was proposed for the iron-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts alkylation of indoles with chalcones. This proposal was supported by the ESI-MS and cyclic voltammetry. The addition of acac to the iron-catalyzed Friedel-Crafts alkylation of indoles with chalcones created a powerful catalytic system, which makes the alkylation reactions occur easily under mild conditions. [...]
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