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MicroRNA biogenesis: Epigenetic modifications as another layer of complexity in the microRNA expression regulation

100%
Bhat S., Jarmolowski A., Szweykowska-Kulińska Z.
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2016
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vol. 63
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issue 4
717-723
EN
Since their discovery, microRNAs have led to a huge shift in our understanding of the regulation of key biological processes. The discovery of epigenetic modifications that affect microRNA expression has added another layer of complexity to the already tightly controlled regulatory machinery. Modifications like uridylation, adenylation and RNA editing have been shown to have variable effects on miRNA biogenesis and action. Methylation of the N6 adenosine has been studied extensively in mRNA. Presence of the N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A) mark and its critical importance in miRNA biogenesis in animals adds to our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms, while its effect on miRNA biogenesis in plants is yet to be understood.
2
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Developmental changes in barley microRNA expression profiles coupled with miRNA target analysis

76%
Pacak A., Kruszka K., Swida-Barteczka A., Nuc P., Karlowski W., Jarmolowski A., Szweykowska-Kulinska Z.
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2016
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vol. 63
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issue 4
799-809
EN
MicroRNAs are 19- to 24-nt-long single-stranded RNAs that are crucial regulators of gene expression which control plant development and response to environmental cues. We have analyzed microtranscriptomes of five barley developmental stages. Generally, during the barley development, miR168-3p and miR1432-5p levels increase while the 5'U-miR156-5p level decreases (with exception for the 2-week-old barley). We have identified two miR156-5p izomiRs (called 5'U-miR156-5p [20 nt] and 5'UU-miR156-5p [21 nt]), which were expressed differently during barley development. The 5' U-miR156-5p level decreased in 3-week-, 6-week-, and 68-day-old barley, when compared to the 1-week-old plants. Meanwhile, the 5' UU-miR156-5p level increased significantly in the 68-day-old barley plants. Moreover, only the 5' U-miR156 isomiR recognizes and guides unique transcription factor mRNAs from the Squamosa Promoter Binding Protein-Like (SPL) family. We identified many non-canonical microRNAs with changed expression levels during the barley development. Here, we present the profiles of microRNA expression characteristics for particular barley developmental stages. These analyses are accompanied by the experimental degradome analysis of miRNA targets.
3
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Barley primary microRNA expression pattern is affected by soil water availability

64%
Swida-Barteczka A., Kruszka K., Grabowska A., Pacak A., Jarmolowski A., Kurowska M., Szarejko I., Szweykowska-Kulinska Z.
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2016
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vol. 63
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issue 4
817-824
EN
MicroRNAs are short molecules of 21-24 nt in length. They are present in all eukaryotic organisms and regulate gene expression by guiding posttranscriptional silencing of mRNAs. In plants, they are key players in signal transduction, growth and development, and in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is an economically important monocotyledonous crop plant. Drought is the world's main cause of loss in cereal production. We have constructed a high-throughput Real-Time RT-qPCR platform for parallel determination of 159 barley primary microRNAs' levels. The platform was tested for two drought-and-rehydration-treated barley genotypes (Rolap and Sebastian). We have determined changes in the expression of primary microRNAs responding to mild drought, severe drought, and rehydration. Based on the results obtained, we conclude that alteration in the primary microRNA expression is relative to the stress's intensity. Mild drought and rehydration mostly decrease the pri-miRNA levels in both of the tested genotypes. Severe drought mainly induces the primary microRNA expression. The main difference between the genotypes tested was a much-stronger induction of pri-miRNAs in Rolap encountering severe drought. The primary microRNAs respond dynamically to mild drought, severe drought, and rehydration treatments. We propose that some of the individual pri-miRNAs could be used as drought stress or rehydration markers. The usage of the platform in biotechnology is also postulated.
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