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1

Embryonic birds? cell manipulation

100%
Bednarczyk M.
Biotechnologia
|
2003
|
issue 1
36-47
EN
Because of easy access to the developing embryo in the laid eggs, chicken embryos have been used as a favorite model in embryology and developmental biology. Several experiments have demonstrated that pluripotent blastodermal cells (BC) from stage X chicken embryo can be removed, dispersed, and injected into the subgerminal cavity of recipient embryos at the same stage of development. These blastodermal cells are able to colonize somatic tissues of treated embryos and can contribute to the germline, because stage X blastodermal cells obtained from freshly laid eggs contain primordial germ cells (PGC) or their precursor cells. In this overview the methods and two principal applications of chicken embryo cells manipulation are: 1) production of transgenic birds, and 2) preserving and reconstituting poultry foundation stocks were presented.
2

Effects of Tamoxifen dose and nutrition scheme during growth on stimulation of the reproductive system in cornish breed cocks

64%
Lisowski M., Bednarczyk M.
Folia Biologica
|
2005
|
vol. 53
|
issue 1-2
1-16
EN
The effects of tamoxifen (TAM) antiestrogen dose as well as protein and energy content in feed on stimulation of the reproductive system development in meat type cocks were studied. The experiment was conducted on males of the Dominant White Cornish chicken breed. The optimum TAM dose for stimulation of reproductive system development was at the level of 5 mg per kg body weight. The effects of TAM administration on the following traits were investigated: body weight, breast muscle thickness, age at sexual maturity, egg fertilization and hatchability. No effect of TAM on breast muscle thickness was found. It was also noted that semen obtained from 11 to 12 week old males of the Dominant White Cornish breed could be used successfully in the insemination of females.
3

RAPD-PCR analysis of various goose populations

51%
Maciuszonek A., Grajewski B., Bednarczyk M.
Folia Biologica
|
2005
|
vol. 53
|
issue 1-2
83-85
EN
The aim of this study was to genetically analyse by the RAPD-PCR method four indigenous Polish goose breeds, Kartuska (Ka), Lubelska (Lu), Kielecka (Ki) and Podkarpacka (Pd), in order to determine the band-sharing frequency as well as bands characteristic of the evaluated breeds. The birds were maintained as conservative flocks, accounting for a reserve of genetic resources. A total of 102 scorable bands were obtained, their number ranging from 0 to 8, depending on one of seven primers used and the group of birds analyzed, within a mean of 3.64. For each genetic group specific bands with given primers were obtained, suggesting their potential for use as population-specific markers, especially in ex-situ conservation methods. The results also suggest that keeping endangered geese as separate flocks is relevant for their preservation.
4

The oviduct of transgenic birds ? a source of therapeutic proteins?

51%
Bednarczyk M., Lakota P., Wawrzynska M.
Biotechnologia
|
2006
|
issue 3
134-144
EN
The use of transgenic mammals for the production of therapeutic proteins was developed over two decades ago, and a number of proteins have been produced in the milk of animals. Therapeutic proteins produced in eggs of transgenic hens have significant advantages over transgenic mammalian systems, including: regular high eggs production, large number of progeny, short generation times, sterile contents of the eggs produced by specific pathogen free chickens and, well characterization of the regulatory sequences of white protein genes similar to human glycosylation of chicken IgGs, etc. In this overview, recent progress in the development of chicken bioreaktors was presented.
5

DNA polymorphism in various goose lines by RAPD-PCR.

51%
Bednarczyk M., Siwek M., Mazanowski A., Czekalski P.
Folia Biologica
|
2002
|
vol. 50
|
issue 1-2
45-48
EN
RAPD markers of ten primers were used to assess the polymorphism among pooled DNA of eight goose lines. The number of bands amplified by each primer ranged from 1 to 8, within a mean of 2.86. Some bands appeared specific for the line or genetic background. RAPD technique is an effective method for generating the polymorphic DNA marker in the goose. RAPD patterns from mixed DNA samples can reflect the genetic information of populations. The present study indicated that 10 generations selected for egg production and body weight under various pressure, resulted in genetic variation among goose lines as detected by RAPD. Selection for meat traits caused greater genetic diversity than selection for egg production.
6

Influence of electroporation on chicken blastoderm cell viability in vitro

51%
Wawrzynska M., Bednarczyk M., Lakota P., Lubiszewska M.
Folia Biologica
|
2008
|
vol. 56
|
issue 3-4
197-201
EN
The aim of this study was to compare two types of devices used for blastoderm cell (BC) transfection: the Nucleofector (Amaxa, Biosystems) and the Multiporator (Eppendorf). To assess the influence of electric current on BCs, different conditions of both nucleofection and electroporation were used. Next, the viability of cells was assessed. The highest number of cells (90.8%) was viable after nucleofection in the G10 program,. After transfection in the presence of pmaxGFP, the A23 program was found to be most advantageous. The elecroporation experiment with theMultiporator (Eppendorf) showed a significant influence of osmotic pressure and voltage on BC viability. Namely, in the isoosmolar buffer BC viability was statistically higher (P#0.05) in comparison to the hypoosmolar buffer. The, viability of cells was statistically higher (P#0.05) after application of 25V as compared to 50V. The efficiency of transfection in the presence of EGFP-C1 after electroporation in 2 pulses, 25V, 500 ?s in the isoosmolar buffer was better than in the recommended conditions in the Amaxa Biosystems A23 program.
7
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Primordial germ cells (PGCs) as a tool for creating transgenic chickens

45%
Chojnacka-Puchta L., Kasperczyk K., Płucienniczak G., Sawicka D., Bednarczyk M.
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
|
2012
|
issue 1
8

Utilization of the chicken embryo model for assessment of biological activity of different oligosaccharides

45%
Villaluenga C. M., Wardenska M., Pilarski R., Bednarczyk M., Gulewicz K.
Folia Biologica
|
2004
|
vol. 52
|
issue 3-4
135-142
EN
The effect of different oligosaccharides ? alpha-galactoside preparations from Lupinus albus seeds differing in sucrose content, raffinose and fructooligosaccharides on the growth of chicken intestine microflora and the hatchability and weight of the treated embryos were studied. The assessment of biological activity of these oligosaccharides was done in ovo on the chicken embryo model. The eggs of experimental groups containing twelve days old embryos were injected into the air cell with 0.2 ml of Ringer water solution containing 0.1763; 0.8815 and 1.763 mg/egg of an oligosaccharide preparation, while the control group was injected with 0.2 ml of Ringer water solution only. All oligosaccharide preparations in higher doses had an influence on chicken hatchability and increased bifidobacteria in the colon of two day old chicken. The number of bifidobacteria depends significantly on the kind of oligosaccharide preparation used and its dose. For all experimental groups, the number of bifidobacteria was significantly higher in comparison to the control.
9

Analysis of DNA polymorphism (RAPD-PCR) and reciprocal effects of geese crossbreeds

45%
Lisowski M., Slawinska A., Dluzniewska P., Mazanowski A., Bednarczyk M.
Folia Biologica
|
2008
|
vol. 56
|
issue 3-4
159-164
EN
Commercial geese breeding in Poland is based on two strains ofWhite Italian geese (W11 and 33). The crossbreeds W33 ( paternal line ) and W11 ( maternal line ) are distributed in Poland under the commercial brand of White Ko?uda? goose. However, there are several breeds which are covered by the animal genetic resources conservation program and kept as conservative flocks. These breeds proved invaluable to commercial geese breeding to stabilize body weight, improve muscling and decrease the amount of fat in the carcass of the crossbreeds. Therefore, this study analyzed the reciprocal crossbreeds of White Ko?uda? geese with the individuals from conservative flocks. DNA polymorphism (RAPD-PCR) of the crossbreeds as well as the phenotypic effect of crossbreeding was evaluated. PCR amplification of five RAPD markers resulted in obtaining 14.25 band/crossbreed group. The genetic similarity of the crossbreeds expressed as band sharing frequency (BS) ranged from 0.44 to 0.97. The direction of crossing of theW33 goose with one of the individuals from the conservative flock strongly affected the genetic similarity estimates. The body weight in the 17th or 24th week of life and the percentage of leg muscle weight in the 24th week of life differed significantly depending on the crossbreed genotype. A similar relationship was demonstrated for egg fertilization and number of nestlings per goose. As the lines were differentiated only by origin of the Z chromosome, the background of the differences in genetic polymorphism and the phenotypic records is hypothesized as (i) the linkage of some production traits with sex chromosomes; (ii) the impact of selection on W33 individuals resulting in lower performance of geese with a W33-derived Z chromosome; (iii) genetic imprinting displayed as the effect of eithermaternal or paternal origin of the Z chromosome.
10

In ovo technology ? a tool modern prophylactic in poultry

39%
Bednarczyk M., Brzezinska J., Slawinska A., Siwek M., Urbanowski M., Kasperczyk K.
Biotechnologia
|
2010
|
issue 1
109-118
EN
Bird (chick) embryonic development takes place within the egg ? in ovo, outside its mother's body, making the embryo readily accessible to intervention, through the window which is cut in the eggshell. This fact was initially used for elaboration of in ovo embryo vaccination technology. Advances in animal biotechnology suggest several novel approaches that may be applied to in ovo technology, including for example: stimulation of beneficial bacterial profile in the colon of chicken, stimulation of immunological response, stimulation of embryonic development, theratogenic effects testing, selection for sexual phenotype, injection of genetically modified cells, etc. The use of feed additions such as prebiotics and probiotics or their combination- synbiotics influences health and chicken performance. Their administration in ovo could have an advantageous impact on an early development of immunological system in broiler chickens. In this overview, the new possibilities for practical use of the above-mentioned additions administrated by in ovo technology were presented.
11

Assessment of the effect of alpha-galactosides injected during embryogenesis on selected chicken traits

39%
Pilarski R., Bednarczyk M., Lisowski M., Rutkowski A., Bernacki Z., Wardenska M., Gulewicz K.
Folia Biologica
|
2005
|
vol. 53
|
issue 1-2
13-20
EN
The effect of different doses of -galactoside (RFOs) preparations from Pisum sativum L. cv. Opal, injected into eggs during embryogenesis, on maintaining a high number of bifidobacteria, selected chicken broiler traits and the lipoprotein level of blood were studied. Two independent experiments were conducted. In the first, Ringer water solution containing 1.763 mg/egg of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) (I group), 2.1158 mg of pea RFO preparation containing 20% sucrose (II group) and 0.4232 mg of sucrose (III group) were injected into Hubbard broiler breeder eggs containing 12-day old embryos. Only Ringer water solution was applied to the eggs of the control group (IV group). The number of bifidobacteria determined in faeces of two-day old chicken of groups I and II was significantly higher in comparison with the sucrose and control groups. The high level of bifidobacteria of groups I and II was maintained during 6 weeks. The dose of both preparations had no influence on the body weight, carcass, breast muscle, leg and abdominal fat ratio, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL serum concentrations. Broiler mortality and breast muscle cholesterol concentration was highest (P<0.05) for the control group. On the other hand, the European Production Index, as well as serum triglycerides, were the lowest for this group. The second experiment was performed on Hybro G chicken breeder eggs. 0.69, 3.43 and 6.87 mg/egg of pea RFO preparation doses containing 20% sucrose were injected into the experimental groups. The number of bifidobacteria in the caecum and selected meat traits of broilers were determined. The results of this experiment confirmed that RFO injection in ovo causes the long-time maintenance of a high level of bifidobacteria. The dose of the preparations does not have any effect on the selected broiler meat traits, except that the highest dose increases the percent of carcase in body weight. However, this dose reduced the hatchability of the treated embryos.
12

Expression of exogenous genes in blastodermal cells of chicken in vitro

39%
Bednarczyk M., Plucienniczak G., Plucienniczak A., Lakota P., Sochanik A., Dluzniewska A., Grajewski B.
Folia Biologica
|
2003
|
vol. 51
|
issue 3-4
189-194
EN
Chicken blastodermal cells (BCs) from stage X embryos produce both somatic and germline chimeras when injected into the subgerminal cavity of recipient embryos. Transfection of the donor cells in vitro could lead to the production of chimeras capable of transmitting the transgene to their offspring. The aim of this study was to transfer and express foreign genes under control of the ovalbumin promoter in the BCs. The results showed that luciferase activity in the BCs reached a plateau value with a 2.0:1.0 or 5.0:1.0 liposome ? DNA ratio and using 1mug of DNA. Under this same condition, no difference was found in relative activity between the pGL-control and pOVALUC plasmid. The expression of other exogenous genes (green fluorescent protein and interferon alpha2a) driven by the chicken ovalbumin promoter in cultured chicken blastodermal cells in vitro is possible by this assay. Hatchability of recipient embryos after injection of 1, 500 or 800 transfected BCs was compared. The advantage of using a smaller number (800) of injected transfected BCs was that early embryonic mortality was reduced and resulted in higher (P<0.01) hatchability (24.5%) than in the case of 1, 500 BCs injected.
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