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1

Alzheimer's disease and the cell cycle

100%

Raina A. K., Zhu X., Smith M. A.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2004

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vol. 64

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issue 1

107-112

EN

Current views associate the reappearance of cell cycle markers with early events in Alzheimer's disease. Even though, the cell cycle was implicated early in the study of this disease, only recently has it been associated with selective early vulnerability of neurons. The pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease namely tau and amyloid have been associated with having effects on or being affected by cell cycle progression. Indeed the mitogenic component looms large early in the onset of Alzheimer's disease. Although quite a number of markers of reentry have been catalogued, the common denominator is abortosis, the unalterable march towards neuronal dysfunction, stasis and eventually death. We feel that complete understanding of the mechanisms, acting either positively by stimulation or through removal of inhibitory signals will provide promising molecular targets for pharmacological interventions which have been static for a number of years by being relegated to inhibition of the enzyme cholinesterase. In our opinion, investigating more proximal mechanisms will provide answers to changing the natural course of this illness.

2

High Heat Flux Testing of Doped and Coated Graphite Using High-Intensity Pulsed Ion Beam

100%

Zhu X., Liu C., Lei M.

Acta Physica Polonica A

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2009

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vol. 115

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issue 6

1177-1179

EN

A high-intensity pulsed ion beam (HIPIB) technique is applied to heat flux testing of plasma facing materials for fusion experiment. The HIPIB is generated at a relatively stable power density up to 10^{8} W/cm^{2}, which covers a heat flux parameter of up to several hundreds MW m^{-2} s^{1/2}. Surface morphology and weight loss are examined for doped and coated graphite with HIPIB exposure of 280 MW m^{-2} s^{1/2}, being of the same order of thermal loads during off-normal events in future fusion reactors. The work demonstrates a first example utilizing the HIPIB technique to study thermal response of plasma facing materials under fusion relevant thermal loads.

3

Sources and mechanisms of cytoplasmic oxidative damage in Alzheimer's disease

88%

Marlatt M., Lee H., Perry G., Smith M. A., Zhu X.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2004

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vol. 64

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issue 1

81-87

EN

While evidence supports a pathogenic and proximal role for oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease, the causes and consequences of reactive oxygen species that promote oxidative damage have not been directly demonstrated. Co-incident with the reduced energy metabolism during the development of the disease, some of the key mitochondrial enzymes have shown deficient activity in AD neurons, which may lead to increased ROS production. However, we found that oxidative damage occurs primarily within the cytoplasm rather than in mitochondria. Given that SOD activity is increased in AD mitochondria and that metal ions such as iron and copper are enriched in susceptible neurons, we hypothesize that mitochondria, as a source, provide hydrogen peroxide, which, as an intermediate, once in the cytoplasm, will be converted into highly reactive hydroxyl radicals through Fenton reaction in the presence of metal ion and cause damage in cytoplasm.

4

Molecular characterization and expression patterns of ghrelin in the reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)

64%

Zhang M., Xu X., Zhu X., Jin X., Bao H., Dugeer S., Du C., Cao G., Yang Y.

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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2018

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vol. 21

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issue 1

5

Thalidomide-based TNF-beta inhibitors for neurodegenerative diseases

64%

Greig N. H., Giordano T., Zhu X., Yu Q., Perry T. A., Holloway H. W., Brossi A., Rogers J. T., Sambamurti K., Lahiri D. K.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2004

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vol. 64

|

issue 1

1-9

EN

Inflammatory processes associated with the over-production of cytokines, particularly of TNF-beta, accompany numerous neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, in addition to numerous systemic conditions, exemplified by rheumatoid arthritis and erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL). TNF-beta has been validated as a drug target with Remicade and Enbrel available as prescription medications. Both, however, are large macromolecules, require injection and have limited brain access. The classical drug, thalidomide is being increasingly used in the clinical management of a wide spectrum of diseases. As its clinical value in treating ENL derives from its TNF-beta inhibitory activity, thalidomide was chosen for structural modification for the discovery of novel and more potent isosteric analogues with appropriate lipophilicity to insure high brain penetration. TNF-beta inhibitory activity was evaluated against lipopolysacharide (LPS) stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in cell culture, whose viability was quantified to differentiate reductions in TNF-beta secretion from that associated with cellular toxicity. Specific analogues potently inhibited TNF-beta secretion, ompared to thalidomide. This involved a post-transcriptional mechanism, as they decreased TNF-beta mRNA stability via its 3'-untranslated region (UTR), as determined by luciferase activity in stably transfected cells with and without the 3'-UTR of human TNF-beta.

6

The role of metabotropic glutamate receptors in Alzheimer's disease

64%

Lee H., Zhu X., O'Neill M. J., Webber K., Casadesus G., Marlatt M., Raina A. K., Perry G., Smith M. A.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2004

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vol. 64

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issue 1

89-98

EN

While glutamatergic transmission is severely altered by early degeneration of cortico-cortical connections and hippocampal projections in Alzheimer's disease (AD), the role of glutamate receptors in the pathogenesis of AD is not yet defined clearly. Nonetheless, as reviewed here, the topographical distribution of different types of receptors likely contributes to the regional selective nature of neuronal degeneration. In particular, metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) may contribute the pathogenesis of many neurological conditions and also regulate neuronal vulnerability against cytotoxic stress. Thus, we here discuss the possible role of mGluR in the pathogenesis of AD based on the results from other neurodegenerative diseases that may give us clues to solve the mysterious selective neurodegeneration evident in AD.

7

Telomerase enhances osteogenic ifferentiation of sheep bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) by up-regulating PI3K/Akt pathway in vitro

55%

Zhu X., Zhou L., Liu Z., Chen X., Wei L., Zhang Z., Liu Y., Zhu Y., Wang Y., Yang X., Han Y., Zhu X., Zhou L., Liu Z., Chen X., Wei L., Zhang Z., Liu Y., Zhu Y., Wang Y., Yang X., Han Y.

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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2020

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vol. 23

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issue 3

Refine search results

Alzheimer's disease and the cell cycle

High Heat Flux Testing of Doped and Coated Graphite Using High-Intensity Pulsed Ion Beam

Sources and mechanisms of cytoplasmic oxidative damage in Alzheimer's disease

Molecular characterization and expression patterns of ghrelin in the reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)

Thalidomide-based TNF-beta inhibitors for neurodegenerative diseases

The role of metabotropic glutamate receptors in Alzheimer's disease

Telomerase enhances osteogenic ifferentiation of sheep bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) by up-regulating PI3K/Akt pathway in vitro