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The method of training dogs in auditory recognition memory tasks with trial-unique stimuli

100%
Kowalska D.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1997
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vol. 57
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issue 4
345-352
EN
Three adults dogs were trained in a auditory recognition delayed matching to sample (DMS) task. The experimental setting consisted of one central speaker located in front of the dogs head, two side speakers with nearby response pedals and one rotary food delivery system. Three hundred twenty natural sounds were used as trial unique stimuli. Sample stimuli were always given through the central speaker. After the delay of 1.5s, both sample and testing stimuli were activated alternately through the two side speakers. Bar press response toward the sample stimulus was rewarded by food. The DMS training was continued until attaining a criterion 90% correct responses in 90 consecutive trials. After a control pause, the dogs were retrained to the criterion, and then they were given performance tasks with delays extended to 10 , 30 , 60 and finally to 90 s, in blocks of 90 trials. Dogs required about 1,000 trials of auditory recognition memory training in order to reach the criterion. Their behavior was also stable after the control pause. The dogs performance declined gradually with extended delays reaching an average of 63.4% for the delay of 90 s. Results indicate that the DMS task with auditory stimuli alternating during the testing stage of trial, is a promising method for testing auditory recognition memory. on memor
2
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The Optimization of Antioxidant Properties of Herbal Bathing Salts

51%
Zawada K., Makarova K., Kowalska D., Wawer I.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2017
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vol. 132
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issue 1
56-61
EN
The antioxidant properties 4 herbal infusions (of lavender flower, melissa leaf, verbena herb, and birch leaf), 2 salts (Dead Sea and Bochnia Mine salts) and 8 herbal salts (combination of herbal extract and salt) have been evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-ESR (DPPH-ESR) test, ferric reducing antioxidant power and spin trap ESR using the Fenton reaction. The influence of herbal extracts and herbal salts on lipid membrane permeability has been studied with the spin probe ESR in the range of 293-323 K. The highest antioxidant activity was determined for melissa leaf preparations followed by birch leaf preparations in DPPH and ferric reducing antioxidant power assays whereas in the Fenton reaction the highest radical scavenging was observed for verbena herb and melissa leaf preparations. The lowest membrane permeability was observed in the presence of infusions of melissa and birch leaves, followed by corresponding herbal salts based on Bochnia Mine salt, and it was lower than in the reference system. On the other hand, lavender infusion increased the permeability of the model membrane, whereas the lavender salts decreased it. Therefore, the antioxidant activity of herbal infusions and salts towards skin could be inhibited by a lowered permeability. Thus, the combination of permeability studies with antioxidant studies in the presence of model lipids could be potentially used for optimization of other types of herbal bath salts.
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