Bile duct stones, which obstruct the common bile duct, potentially result in complications, such as acute cholangitis and pancreatitis. We present a case involving a patient with normal liver function tests from whom we removed a giant common bile duct stone measuring 7.5 centimeters × 4.0 centimeters × 4.0 centimeters. Postoperatively recurrent common bile duct stones were observed and removed with an endoscopic maneuver in the three-year follow-up period. Recurrent bile duct stones are frequently reported in the case of large size of stones or multiple stones. Surgical treatment may then be considered as a first-line treatment in cases of recurrent common bile duct stones. When an endoscopic or surgical approach is used for the treatment of giant common bile duct stones, careful observation is of the utmost importance and treatment innovations may be necessary.
A 64-year-old man with a history of gallstones, common bile duct stones, chronic hepatitis B virus infection, and hepatic cirrhosis with a Child-Pugh score B was satisfactorily treated for hepatocellular carcinoma with radiofrequency ablation and transarterial chemoembolization. His course, however, was complicated by gallbladder actinomycosis 14 months after treatment, resulting in acute cholecystitis. Such a chain of events suggests that gallbladder actinomycosis may develop after radiofrequency ablation and transarterial chemoembolization in patients who are known to have gallstones and that asymptomatic gallstones should be treated before the application of nonsurgical, but invasive procedures for hepatocellular carcinoma.
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