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issue 4-5
577-596
EN
This paper presents fundamental principles, characteristics, and limitations of various experimental methods of cooling and trapping of neutral atoms by laser light and magnetic fields. In addition to surveying the experimental techniques, basic properties of quantum degenerate gases are discussed with particular emphasis on the Bose-Einstein condensate. We also present main parameters and expected characteristics of the first Polish Bose-Einstein condensate apparatus built in the National Laboratory of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics in Toruń, Poland.
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High Resolution Spectroscopy of Cold, Trapped Atoms

81%
EN
Pump-probe spectroscopy of cold, trapped atoms is discussed with particular attention to mechanisms specific for cold atoms and potential diagnostics applications. The discussion is illustrated with experimental results obtained with ^{85}Rb atoms trapped in a magneto-optical trap. Most important applications are non-destructive, real-time velocimetry (thermometry) and analysis of optical lattice dynamics.
EN
We report on our studies of atoms contained in a magneto-optical trap using the nonlinear spectroscopy methods. Absorption and four-wave mixing signals are recorded for the probe frequency near the cooling transition frequency and the two methods are compared. The differences in the signal structure and their sensitivity on external conditions are discussed. It is revealed that central feature of these spectra consists of several contributions of different origin.
EN
We report details of the apparatus and the experimental procedure leading to production of the Bose-Einstein condensate of ^{87}Rb atoms. Basic hydrodynamic properties of the condensate, like quadrupole oscillations and free fall expansion, are investigated. They provide also characteristics of the magnetic trap crucial for interpretation of future experiments.
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