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EN
Presented conspect devoted to the subject of cooperation between the coach and the player in individual disciplines of competitive sports concerns the impact of the level of trainer's emotional intelligence to engage in efforts to improve the quality of relationships and a sense of commonality and purpose of a cooperating player. The literature suggests that in order to build and sustain commitment to the player by the coach it is important to include mutual trust, positive relationship and clearly defined goal acceptable to both parties. (Czajkowski 1994). The existing research related to the topic of Emotional Intelligence suggests its impact on many aspects of human functioning in the positive relationship with the environment and the satisfaction and success in the workplace. (Jaworska and Matczak 2005). The indicated dimensions play an important role in the prevention of burnout and improve the quality of cooperation between the coach and the player. Studies carried out on a sample of 48 cooperating sports teams (trainer - athlete) have shown that a significant level of trainers' emotional competence affects the emotional aspect related to the purpose of their trained athletes. Athletes working with trainers who present higher levels of emotional intelligence showed greater satisfaction derived from activities aimed at achieving a common goal and mutual relationship and declared a common vision for the future. These data suggest that the level of trainers' emotional intelligence may be important not only for motivation of cooperating players, but also for the satisfaction they derive from their work, helping to increase the quality of life in the workplace. At the same time, it could reduce the risk of burnout, not only athletes but also trainers.
EN
The purpose of this paper was to confront some selected physiological parameters that describe aerobic capacity with young swimmers’ sports achievements. For the study, some athletes with the average age of 14.67, who train swimming at the SMS Szczecin Club, were selected. A progressive test of their oxygen power was performed in order to determine their aerobic capacity, with the means of the European Ranking (LEN). Each swimmer’s sports level was presented in points [pts.]. The swimmers’ characteristics were presented as divided into three groups: (S) – short-distance specialization, (M) – medium-distance specializati on and (L) – long-distance specialization. In group (S), maximum oxygen consumption – VO2max [l/min] achieved the levels of 3.95 [l/min] (male swimmers) and 2,77 [l/min] (female swimmers); in group (M) – 4.12 [l/min] and 2.97 [l/min], respectively; and in group (L) – 4.14 [l/min] and 3.338 [l/min]. Among male swimmers, level of VO2 max [ml/kg/min] equaled 58.96 – group (S), 59.72 – group (M) a nd 62.10 – group (L); while among female swimmers it reached 48.67 (S), 49.36 (M) and 54.60 (L), res pectively. The recorded values of VO2 max [ml/kg/min] qualify the young swimmers to the group of people with a very high physical capacity. Our selection of Szczecin’s athletes to individual groups proved to be correct. The considerations presented in the paper bring one’s attention to the substantive quality of the intake and selection of swimmers. In the selection, it is necessary to take such physiologic rates as VO2 max or VO2/HR into consideration.
EN
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of one-day wrestling tournament on magnitude and direction of changes in selected immunological and endocrine status indices. The participants of the study were male (n = 12) and female (n = 13) wrestlers. The earlobe blood samples and unstimulated saliva were collected at three time points: in the morning before the competition (1), immediately after the last match (2) and in the next morning (3). Total protein, IgA and cortisol concentration and α-amylase activity in saliva, as well as concentration of cortisol and interleukin-6 in serum were measured. Significantly lower ratio of sIgA/protein and significantly higher levels of salivary and serum cortisol, interleukin-6, and α-amylase activity were observed at the second time point compared with the first and the third in both groups of athletes. Regardless of the examined time point, concentrations of serum and saliva markers were similar in female and male wrestlers. However, a tendency to lower sAA activity on the next morning after the tournament compared to basal activity of this enzyme was seen in both examined groups. In general, the changes of examined markers were short-lived, except for α-amylase activity, showing that tournament-wrestling matches had no sustained negative effects on endocrine and immunological body systems.
EN
The ethnic people have their own culture, customs, religion and medical lores gained from their ancestors. The Kani tribal community settled in the forests of Agasthiyamalai of Western Ghats in Kanyakumari and Tirunelveli districts of Tamil Nadu and some places of Kerala also have their own culture and medical lores. Residing inside the forest areas, they depend on natural resources for their food, wellness products and livelihood practices. Each tribal settlement has one or two experts called as Moopans who are well versed in the folk practice of medicine using herbs and animal products. Medico ethno botanical survey conducted by the authors of this paper recorded several claims of which 29 are scrutinized as important. A brief account of the folklore information on native medical lore recorded from the Kani tribes explained in this paper.
EN
Chitosan (Chi) is an extremely promising natural biopolymer with remarkable potency for the development of drug and vaccine delivery nanosystems. Various Chi derivatives are used to form nanoparticles (NPs) with unique properties. However, the efficacy of the therapy delivered by Chi NPs depends significantly on NP biodistribution in the body. The aim of this study was the analysis of biodistribution of NPs formed by succinoyl Chi and loaded with doxorubicin (SCNPDOX). We compared the distribution of free DOX and SCNP-DOX after intravenous (i.v.) and intranasal (i.n.) delivery into tumour-bearing mice. Distribution of DOX and SCNP-DOX was comparable after i.v. injection while they differed significantly after i.n. instillation.
EN
With 1.27 million deaths in 2019, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has resulted in the deaths of more people than HIV/AIDS and malaria combined. AMR is listed among the top 10 global public health priorities by the WHO. The magnitude of the AMR burden is poorly prioritized in the public health sector, and its impact is difficult to accurately estimate due to a lack of sufficient data, especially in Africa. The misuse and overuse of antibiotics for various non-medical purposes is widely reported, especially in low-income developing countries, as one of the key contributors to AMR, yet little effort is put in place to curb the menace. Also, the clinical pipeline of new antimicrobials is scanty. This review explores the mechanism of AMR, the effects of AMR on health and the public sector with regard to morbidity, mortality, and economic losses, and the impact of COVID-19 on AMR. Recent potential therapies that are used to combat AMR, such as phage therapy, and how they could bring about development in the public health sector were discussed. Also, the impact of vaccines and preventive strategies to curb the spread of AMR in the public sector were highlighted.
EN
The article presents a review of a study on the nutritional status of children and youth in Poland, including division by gender, age and place of residence, and the methods used, the accepted criteria and cut-off points. The presented analysis of the research showed significant irregularities in the nutritional status of children and youth, as well as a lack of regularity and consistency targeting the way, the scope and depth of research.
PL
W pracy dokonano przeglądu badań dotyczących stanu odżywienia dzieci i młodzieży w Polsce z uwzględnieniem podziału według płci, wieku oraz miejsca zamieszkania, a także zastosowanych metod, przyjętych kryteriów i punktów odcięcia. Analiza wyników badań wykazała znaczne nieprawidłowości w stanie odżywienia dzieci i młodzieży, a także brak systematyczności i spójności celującej w sposób, zakres i szczegółowość prowadzonych badań.
EN
Oxygen uptake measurements are without question useful and a staple measurement for the estimation of exercise energy costs. However, steady state models cannot be used to successfully model intermittent resistance exercise energy costs. Our laboratory has taken steps to avoid such comparisons between these discrepant exercises. We have separated out exercise and recovery periods during resistance training and utilize capacity (kJ) estimates as opposed to rate measures (kJ min-1). Moreover, we avoid anaerobic threshold concepts as applied to resistance exercise. When viewed accordingly, resistance exercise energy costs are opposite those of the steady state model: exercise oxygen uptake is highest for steady state exercise and lowest for resistance exercise, recovery oxygen uptake can be the highest energy cost for resistance exercise whereas for steady state exercise it may or may not be meaningful, and anaerobic energy costs represent a significant component of resistance exercise that plays little to no role with steady state exercise.
EN
Textile products enriched with natural substances, e.g. hyaluronic acid, plant hydrolates, collagen and chitosan, may find wide application in cosmetics because of increasing consumer interest in natural products. Furthermore, in view of global environmental pollution, products that are produced through biochemical changes as a result of composting are sought. This makes it possible to enter such designed cosmetic products into the scheme of the currently desired circular economy. Compostable textiles are an ecological alternative to product backlogs and polluting the environment in the form of post-consumer waste. Therefore, this research work developed a technology for applying natural substances on a biodegradable polyester fibrous substrate. This study developed the optimal composition of a mixture consisting of natural substances with properties applicable to the cosmetic industry, for applications such as cosmetic masks to improve the appearance of the skin. The composition of active substances that have beneficial effects on the skin, e.g. moisturizing, regenerating, antibacterial and caring, was determined. The mixture was effectively applied on a spunbound nonwoven substrate of made from aliphatic-aromatic copolyester by impregnation. The employed polymer degraded in a compost environment and its modifiers additionally supported this process. The unique composition of the applied coating layer consisted of a mixture of sodium hyaluronate, collagen, bitter orange blossom hydrolate (Neroli) and chitosan lactate. The coated nonwoven fabric was subjected to physical, mechanical, microbiological as well as chemical purity and structural tests (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy) and degree of degradation in a compost environment was assessed on the basis of its weight loss.
EN
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases which typically presents with frequent urination, increased thirst and increased hunger. DM be classified into three main types: type I (insulin-dependent DM), type-II (non-insulin dependent DM) and type III (gestational DM). Diabetes is a group of diseases of global health significance as 382 million people worldwide had diabetes in the year 2013 and this was projected to increase to an estimated 415 million in 2015. Damage to the nerves of the body (diabetic neuropathy) is the most common complication of diabetes. The signs and symptoms of diabetic neuropathy include numbness, diminished sensation, pain etc. Various types of electrotherapy, such as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), pulsed-dose electrical stimulation, frequency-modulated electromagnetic neural stimulation, have been reported effective in managing diabetic neuropathy. This study is a systematic review of the evidence to enable the determination of the effectiveness of electrical stimulation and low-intensity laser therapy (LILT), and also aid their recommendation if proven to be effective. The outcome of this study was that TENS and other forms of electrical stimulation reviewed in this study may be effective and safe non-pharmacological treatment modalities in relieving the symptoms associated with diabetic neuropathy. The effectiveness of LILT couldn’t be determined due to the different parameters used to evaluate patients’ outcome and limited number of studies. Authors recommend that further randomized controlled trials with similar methodological parameters and studies with higher quality of evidences are needed to establish the true effectiveness of these modalities in diabetic neuropathy.
EN
The aim of this study was verification whether an 8-week-long swimming exercise training would induce adaptive changes in body weight in rats and whether possible changes would depend on aquatic environment temperature and animal sex. The exercisetrained groups swam 4 minutes a day, five days a week during eight week of housing. Exercise was performed by swimming in glass tanks containing tap water maintained according to group at 5 ±2°C (cold group) and 36 ±2°C (thermal neutral group). Before and after each week of the experiment, rats were weighed. When comparing the nature of changes in the body weight of rats exposed to swimming exercise training in cold water, attention should be paid to their dependence on sex. There were statistically significant changes in the nature of changes in body weight between male rats and female rats of the cold group (5°C) as early as experimental week 2 until the end of the experiment (p < 0.001). Interestingly, the females exposed to swimming exercise training at 5°C were the only group in which an increase in body weight occurred during experimental week 8 in relation to baseline values.
EN
The pyruvate kinase isoenzyme M2 originating from the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm of tumor cells, with its highest affinity to the 2-phosphoenolpyruvate (2-PEP) and sensitivity to L-cysteine, contributes to an increased generation of energy as ATP, necessary for tumor cell proliferation. In the presence of L-cysteine, the isoenzyme M2 PK demonstrates the activity of histone kinase, transferring the phosphoryl group from 2-PEP to the ε-amine residue of the H1 histone lysine. Oligochitosans induce expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene (iNOS), what results in an increased synthesis of nitric oxide, which reacts with L-cysteine and produces L-S-nitrosocysteine. Lack of L-cysteine contributes to inhibition of kinase activity of the H1 histone, an M2 PK isoenzyme. Decreased phosphorylation of the H1 histone contributes to inhibition of EAT cell proliferation. No effect on proliferation of normal cells that include the PK M1 isoenzyme has been observed in the presence of oligochitosans.
EN
In this document, the authors present the results of the long-term monitoring of the condition of the eyes of victims of the Chernobyl catastrophe. The patient examinations were conducted using our system of standard inspection and description of the condition of the eye. We have summarized the development of this system in another paper. Ocular effects in patients as a result of the Chernobyl accident have been classified either as specific irradiation injuries, attributable only to radiation exposure, or ophthalmopathology that is observed under normal conditions, but for which radiation exposure is an important risk factor. This division is particularly apparent when examining the clean-up workers in Chernobyl.
EN
The aim of the study was to analyze the level of physical activity of students of selected fields of study at Biała Podlaska University depending on the year of study. The study involved 450 people, studying at the first and second stages of education at the State School of Higher Education (PSW) in Biała Podlaska. In the study, a method of diagnostic survey was applied, with the use of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire IPAQ - short version. Based on the analysis it was concluded that the surveyed students were characterized by a moderate level of physical activity. The diversity of types of physical activity of students in relation to the year of study were statistically significant in terms of total activity, moderate activity and walking - in favor of students of the second year of undergraduate studies.
EN
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of sex on the acute effect of static-passive one-session stretching on V sit-and-reach scores in university students. A sample of 76 college students aged 19-30 years were divided into a women group (n = 36) and men group (n = 40). During one session the students performed stretching exercises for the major body muscles using the static-passive technique. Hamstring and lower back muscles extensibility was estimated by the V-sit-and-reach test at the beginning and at the end of the stretching session. The results of the two-way ANOVA with the Bonferroni adjustment showed that females and males did not show a different response to the one-session stretching intervention (p > 0.05). However, both the women and men increased statistically their scores after performing the stretching session (p < 0.001). In conclusion, no differences have been found in the trainability of flexibility by sex. However, there are differences of flexibility by the sex of students, being the females, who obtained the highest marks in the V-sit-and-reach. All this knowledge could help coaches to design more effectives stretching programs.
EN
Most indigenous people have acquired expertise in the use of medicinal plants, but information on the utilization of the medicinal plants are poorly documented. Thus, this study deals with the ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used in treating viral infections in Saki West Local Government Area, Oyo State. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and oral interviews to acquire information from selected members of Saki West Local Government Area. A total of sixty (60) structured questionnaires were given randomly to respondents in the selected villages in the study area. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The finding shows that the majority of the respondents were females (61.7%). Moreover, 50 % of the respondents were from the age group of 31 to 40 (also the largest group). In addition, a majority (88.3%) of the respondents were married, and only a few (16.7%) had no formal education. Furthermore, the major occupation of the respondents was herb selling (35.0%). The findings on the various plant parts utilized for herbal medicine indicated that the leaves, stem bark and whole root were the most commonly used parts. Most of the respondents also prepared herbal medicine by decoction. What is more, oral ingestion (drinking) was found to be the most (70.0%) preferred mode of administration in the study area. Finally, the major problem encountered while acquiring medicinal plants was wild animal threat. This work indicated that there is a need for an ethnobotanical survey in every state of the nation on the medicinal plants used in the treatment of viral infection.
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2019
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vol. 25
1-14
EN
Honey is the focus of many research projects for its varied biological activities. It is an age-old remedy that is currently being rediscovered as a complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to be used in modern medicine. The present study aims to investigate the use and perception of honey as CAM among the general public in Ibadan metropolis. A cross sectional study was conducted using three local government areas in Ibadan, a structured and tested questionnaire was then adopted with readjustment. A total of 405 questionnaires were randomly distributed within the study area. These indicate that 63.5% (257/405) of the respondents used honey as CAM, and age significantly affects the usage/ none usage of honey in the study area (p < 0.05). Many respondents claimed they use honey as a dietary supplement for general well-being (79%, 203/257), or for treating burns/wounds (76.3, 196/257), cough (72.8%, 187/257) and sore throat (60.3%, 155/257). A small percentage of the respondents used honey to treat ulcers (17.1%, 44/257). Our work also revealed that a limited number of the respondents (13%, 32/257) buy honey from pharmaceutical stores, while information regarding honey was majorly gotten from friends and family (70%, 180/257). In addition, respondents have favourable perception of the use of honey as CAM - as over 60% of them rated strongly agree and agree for each of the perception question. Respondents highlighted some risk factors affecting the use of honey as CAM, Among which inadequate information on the use of honey ranked highest (mean = 4.40), concerns were also raised on the quality (mean = 4.33) and high price of honey used (4.31). There are favourable perception of the use of honey as CAM, but issues relating to honey quality should be determined before use. Future work should be done to test the perception and acceptance level of honey as CAM among health workers.
EN
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of long-term green tea extract (GTE) supplementation on white blood cells (WBC) in CrossFit-trained and untrained men. Twenty-eight men were recruited for this study including CrossFit-trained (CF-TR) and untrained (CF-UNT) men. The study was carried out in two phases. Phase 1 involved non-supplemented untrained and trained men. Phase 2 involved the same groups but after 6-week supplementation with 2 GTE capsules once daily. Body weight, body composition and the number and percentage of peripheral blood leukocyte populations were assessed in each phase. The results revealed that the long-term green tea supplementation did not have a significant effect on body weight, body composition and the total white blood cell count of the study participants. However, the percentage of peripheral blood eosinophils increased while monocyte and neutrophil counts decreased. The changes in white blood cells were less pronounced in CrossFit-trained compared to control participants. Summing up, it should be noted that long-term GTE supplementation in CrossFit-trained men did not result in significant changes in body weight and composition and the total white blood cell count. However, the changes in leukocyte subsets were less pronounced in CrossFit-trained compared to untrained participants.
19
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EN
Trichotillomania, also known as hair pulling disorder, is a chronic psychiatric condition common among women. It is a condition that causes impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. The rate of presentation of such cases to medical practitioners is low, as affected individuals conceal it because of the shame associated with hair pulling behaviour. This makes the aetiology and management of the condition to be fairly understood; creating the need for extensive empirical research. This paper discusses the clinical and epidemiological features of trichotillomania and its management.
EN
The work presents complex methods of simultaneous registration of electric activity of the lower extremity muscles and efforts developed in the process of jumping test performance to exhaustion with revealing structural changes of muscles, their capillaries and other energy supply elements. Methodology reveals inborn predisposition of the system of execution and management of locomotion to loads of different character as well as the level of neuromuscular system reserve capacities in the process of long-term adaptation to physical loads.
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