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Dietary habits and anthropometric indices of shift workers in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

100%
Peters S. I., Aburime L., Ezeonye C. D.-L., Achukee C. J.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2024
|
vol. 57
223-239
EN
The aim of this study was to assess the dietary habits and anthropometric parameters of shift workers in Calabar Municipality, Cross River State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive study design was employed, with a study population consisting of shift workers in various organizations within the municipality. The sample size was determined to be 200 using Bluman’s formula, with multi-stage and random sampling techniques used for participant selection. Informed consent was obtained, and inclusion criteria ensured participants were current shift workers residing in Calabar Municipality. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed descriptively, with measures of central tendency and frequencies used. Anthropometric measurements were taken, including weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference, and BMI. Results showed that the majority of respondents were female (63.0%) and aged between 18-29 years (39.0%). Most had tertiary education (73.5%) and earned between 150,000 and 299,000 Naira monthly (61.0%). Dietary habits revealed that 55.5% of respondents ate three meals daily, with 87.0% consuming snacks mostly at work. The average BMI was 24.46 kg/m² for males and 25.67 kg/m² for females, indicating a statistically significant difference between sexes. Waist circumference was 90.00 cm for males and 83.94 cm for females, while hip circumference was 105.14 cm for males and 97.44 cm for females. Both waist circumference and WHR were significantly different between males and females, with males having higher values. Shift workers in Calabar Municipality exhibit varied dietary habits, with significant differences in anthropometric parameters between males and females. It is recommended to implement interventions aimed at promoting healthier eating habits among shift workers. These interventions are crucial for mitigating potential health risks linked to irregular dietary patterns.
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Isolation of starch from acha grain (Digitaria exilis (Kippist) Stapf), modification, characterization and application of benzoylated starch in stabilization of oil in water emulsion

64%
Ajayi M. A., Lawal O. S., Bassey E. A., Oyebanji O. M., Onyemerem C. T., Ikeri P. O., Peters S. I., Mounford D. B.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2025
|
vol. 58
194-208
EN
Starch and its derivatives are biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic with applications in food, pharmaceutical and allied industries. In this study, starch was isolated from acha grain (Digitaria exilis (Kippist) Stapf). Esterification of starch was carried out using benzoyl chloride at room temperature (30 °C ± 2 °C). Characterization of native and benzoylated starch were achieved by FT-IR and XRD analyses. Emulsifying properties of native and benzoylated starch were reported. FT-IR spectra of native modified revealed the broad absorption bands at 3375.70 cm-1 was due to stretching hydrogen bonded O-H groups in the starch. However, for the modified starch, the major new absorption bands at 1600.92 cm-1 which is associated with C=O esters indicating the modification of the native starch confirms that esterification took place in the starch molecules and the band in the region 1716.65 cm-1 confirms the water adsorption. The X-Ray diffraction pattern of native and acetylated starch samples prominent peaks (2) at 18.08 and 19.02 respectively. After acetylation, slightly reduction in crystallinity was observed. The loss of crystallinity would mean enhanced ability for acetylation starch or other polymer products made from it to absorb water. The native and benzylated starch significantly enhanced the stability of water of oil water emulsion.
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