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Investigation of Co Ions Diffusion in Gd₃Ga₅O₁₂ Single Crystals

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Sugak D., Syvorotka I., Yakhnevych U., Buryy O., Vakiv M., Ubizskii S., Włodarczyk D., Zhydachevskyy Y., Pieniążek A., Jakiela R., Suchocki A.

Acta Physica Polonica A

2018

vol. 133

issue 4

959-964

Spatial changes of properties of Gd₃Ga₅O₁₂ (GGG) single crystals caused by diffusion of cobalt ions during high-temperature annealing (1200°C, 24 h) in Co₃O₄ powder are investigated. The registration of these changes was carried out by optical spectrophotometry, microscopy and micro-Raman scattering methods. Changes in structure of near-surface layers of the crystal were investigated by X-ray diffraction technique. It was shown that the additional absorption induced by annealing is related to intra-center optical transitions in Co²⁺ ions, which occupy tetrahedral positions in the garnet structure at the distances of 250-500 μm from the crystal surface. The dependence of induced absorption with depth has got a non-monotonous character with a maximum at 400 μm. A comparison of the results obtained by different methods allows to suppose that the thermal treatment of GGG in the presence of cobalt ions leads to formation of the structurally and chemically non-uniform layer with a width about 500 μm.

Optical Investigation of the Cu Ions Diffusion into Bulk Lithium Niobate

100%

Sugak D., Syvorotka I., Yakhnevych U., Buryy O., Martynyuk N., Ubizskii S., Zhydachevskyy Y., Suchocki A., Kumar H., Janyani V., Singh G.

Acta Physica Polonica A

2018

vol. 133

issue 4

965-972

Spatial changes of optical properties of bulk LiNbO₃ crystal were investigated after annealing in CuO powder. The incorporation of copper ions into the crystal was confirmed by registration of additional absorption spectra that revealed formation of the absorption bands of both Cu⁺ (400 nm) and Cu²⁺ (1000 nm) ions. The changes of optical absorption caused by thermal treatment were registered along the direction of diffusion by the probe beam perpendicular to this direction. The anisotropy of diffusion was revealed. The maxima were observed on the depth dependences of additional absorption both for the wavelengths of 400 and 1000 nm for all main crystallographic directions. The concentrations of copper ions were calculated in accordance with the Smakula-Dexter formula. The X-ray diffraction study revealed reflexes which probably belong to CuNb₂O₆, CuNbO₃ and CuO. The halo was observed on these diffraction patterns that confirms the formation of the scattering centers (about 1 nm in diameter) in the near-surface region.

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2 Acta Physica Polonica A

2 2018

2 Buryy O.

2 Suchocki A.

2 Sugak D.

2 Syvorotka I.

2 Ubizskii S.

2 Yakhnevych U.

2 Zhydachevskyy Y.

1 Jakiela R.

1 Janyani V.

1 Kumar H.

1 Martynyuk N.

1 Pieniążek A.

1 Singh G.

1 Vakiv M.

1 Włodarczyk D.

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Investigation of Co Ions Diffusion in Gd₃Ga₅O₁₂ Single Crystals

Optical Investigation of the Cu Ions Diffusion into Bulk Lithium Niobate