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Interaction Between Grapefruit Juice and Drugs

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Say A., Ayar A., Çakir D.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2017
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vol. 132
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issue 3
1030-1031
EN
Clinically significant grapefruit juice-drug interactions are an interesting development in the last ten years of research process in the scope of drug interactions. In 1989 a group of Canadian researchers found incidentally that grapefruit juice, used as a carrier system, interacts with some calcium channel blockers, while applying alcohol during a study on alcohol-drug interactions, and presented it in Lancet as a "short report". In this report it is stated that this effect of grapefruit juice is specific and there is no similar interaction with orange juice. The grapefruit juice interactions with drugs and changes in drug pharmacokinetics, individual responses to grapefruit juice in the relationship between the drug concentration and the effect began to gain a larger clinical significance. Drugs interacting with grapefruit juice are metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzyme system in liver or intestinal section. Flavonoids contained in grapefruit juice inhibit the enzyme, bind as a substrate to the enzyme system and disrupt its bioavailability. Naringin is an essential bioflavonoid in the grapefruit juice. Naringin is not a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450, but it is partly metabolised to "Naringenin" by intestinal bacteria. This substance is a powerful inhibitor of cytochrome P450 and it is believed by some researchers, that these are components responsible for the effect of grapefruit juice. In 2008 the number of drugs that can cause danger when taken together with grapefruit was 17. It has been reported that this number has risen to 43 in 2012. However, while the research of the possible effects of other not yet identified components of the grapefruit juice is still in progress, FDA has begun to put cautionary statement to many drug prescriptions.
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Effects of Thymol and Carvacrol on Acetylcholinesterase from Drosophila melanogaster

100%
Askin H., Yildiz M., Ayar A.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2017
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vol. 132
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issue 3
720-722
EN
In this study, inhibitor effects of thymol and carvacrol were investigated in vivo and in vitro on acetylcholinesterase enzyme of Drosophila melanogaster. IC₅₀ values, Ki constants and inhibition types were determined for the substances displaying inhibitory effect. In vivo studies, were performed on larvaes by considering IC₅₀ values. The surviving and mortality rates were determined for the solution applied to larvaes. IC₅₀ values of thymol and carvacrol were found to be 25 mM and 0.175 mM, respectively. By using Lineweaver-Burk graphs, it was found that both compounds show non-competitive type of inhibition. According to results, it was concluded that carvacrol is a more effective inhibitor than thymol. We believe that these findings will contribute to the development of more potent, specific and effective inhibitors against AChE enzyme, design of new drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease and studies in pharmacological applications.
3
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Connection Between Smoking Statuses and Anger-Anger Style of the Health Services Vocational School Students

100%
Say A., Ayar A., Çakir D.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2017
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vol. 132
|
issue 3
783-785
EN
This study was carried out at Sabuncuoğlu Şerefeddin Vocational School of Health Services, Amasya University. In this study, the relationship between smoking habits and rage and anger of the Vocational School students was examined for identification purposes. Within the scope of this study, the survey was performed to reach 608 out of 822 students in 2015-2016. The youth socioeconomic factors influencing smoking, cultural characteristics, as well as peer influence, emulation, school failure, loneliness, alcohol and drug use, social students' range and anger along with psychological factors, such as stress were analyzed cross-sectionally. The demographic questionnaire used for the data collection, information about smoking habits and the anger-anger scale were used. The independent variables were age, gender, type of school, parents' educational level, parental occupational status, income, and income perception. The reasons for smoking initiation, trying, quitting and continuing to smoke of smokers and non-smokers and anger styles related to these reasons were compared. Consequently, in our study, the smoking habits of males have been found more pronounced when compared to females. However, no significant relationship was found between the smoking habits and the anger-anger style. The age of smoking initiation has been determined to be proportional to the beginning of adolescence. This study will shed light on possibilities of smoking prevention and will facilitate quitting of smoking.
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