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1

ATP measurement as a rapid test of microbiological contamination

100%
Czaczyk K.
Biotechnologia
|
1999
|
issue 4
179-185
EN
Bioluminescent measurement of ATP using luciferin/luciferase system is a very sensitive, specific, rapid, and convenient method in microbiology. The use of this method to quantitate viable microbial cells requires the use of various validation procedures and safeguards, depending on the specific application. Most industrial applications of bioluminescent ATP measurement involve detection and quantitation of microbial contamination in a particular product, such as the rapid identification of a critical level of contamination in output material. Cloning of the firefly luciferase gene lux promises to be a much more efficient, consistent and inexpensive source of recombinat enzyme. With the realization of this potential and the marketing of automated luminometers that will undoubtedly be improved greatly in terms of throughput capacity, bioluminescent ATP measurement is becoming the method of choise for large-scale monitoring of viable microbial biomass.
2

Formation of bacterial biofilms ? the essence of the matter and mechanisms of interactions

64%
Czaczyk K., Wojciechowska K.
Biotechnologia
|
2003
|
issue 3
180-192
EN
Bacterial colonisation of surfaces and biofilm formation have important consequences in medicine (contamination of catheters, prostheses, and artificial organs) and in food industry (contamination of food product lines). A biofilm can be defined as a matrix enclosed bacteria populations? adherent to each other and/or to surfaces. The process of biofilm formation includes following steps: adhesion of cells, formation of microcolony and, finally, biofilm formation. Bacterial biofilm formation is influenced by a number of factors, such as: extracellular production of polymeric substances (mainly polysaccharides and proteins), hydrophobicity of cell wall, growth phase, environmental factors (pH, temperature, kind of media, ionic strength, polyvalent ions), surface roughness and presence of signalling compounds. Hygienic aspects of biofilm formation and adhesion of bacteria to eukariotic cells were also described in this paper.
3

Batch propionic acid fermentation using propionibacterium sp. immobilized in different supports

64%
Czaczyk K., Trojanowska K.
|
|
issue 1
188-198
EN
Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii 1 and 4 were immobilized in the living state in 2, 3 and 4% alginate gels, in 2, 4 and 6% carrageenan gels, in 2, 4 and 6% carrageenan/locust bean gum gels and on ceramic support. Ammonia consumption, glucose utilization, production of propionic and acetic acids, biosynthesis of vitamin B12 and cell release rate were examined. A significant increase of productivity of propionic acid and decrease of biosynthesis of vitamin B12 using immobilized cells were observed. The best results were obtained in the fermentation with strains immobilized in 4% alginate gel, when applied for the third time. In this case, production of propionic acid was 50% higher in comparison with free cells and biosynthesis of vitamin B12 was lower or the same as in the control.
4

Mechanisms determining bacterial biofilm resistance to antimicrobial factors

64%
Czaczyk K., Myszka K.
|
2007
|
issue 1
40-52
EN
Bacterial biofilm resistance is a very serious problem of modern medicine and industry practice. Microorganisms forming biofilm initiate multilevel resistance mechanisms that protect cells against antibacterial substances. This resistance is higher than antibiotics and disinfectants tolerance of planktonic bacteria. Ineffective of antibacterial compounds action on biofilm depends on biofilm structure, slowing down the antibiotics diffusion speed, environmental factors in which biofilm is formed, the presence of capsule of bacteria and the activity of 'efflux pumps' proteins. The process of signal molecules formation by bacteria and releasing them to the medium is also very relevant aspect. In this paper, the changes in the molecular level that induces bacterial biofilm resistance against antimicrobial agents are also described.
5
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Genome shuffling: a method to improve biotechnological processes

51%
Leja K., Myszka K., Czaczyk K.
BioTechnologia
|
2011
|
issue 4
6
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Biotechnological production of 1,3-propanediol from crude glycerol

51%
Drożdżyńska A., Leja K., Czaczyk K.
BioTechnologia
|
2011
|
issue 1
7

Biotechnological production of 1,3-propanediol from crude glycerol

51%
Drozdzynska A., Leja K., Czaczyk K.
Biotechnologia
|
2011
|
issue 1
92-100
EN
1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PD) is one of the important products used in chemical industry, in particular for polyesters production (e.g. polyethers and polyurethanes). Using crude glycerol for producing 1,3-PD is a good solution from the economical as well as ecological point of view. Glycerol produced by cleavage of natural fats can be microbially converted to 1.3-propanediol by, among others, Citrobacter, Klebsiella, Lactobacillus, Enterobacter, and Clostridium strains. Biotechnological production of 1,3-PD from waste biomass is a promising and attractive alternative to the traditional chemical synthesis. The production of 1,3-PD by glycerol fermentation was already reported in 1881. The microbiological bioconversion pathway of glycerol to 1,3-PD has been known for long but the microorganisms taking part in this fermentation are not efficient. In addition, they are pathogenic. Consequently, natural producers of 1,3-PD are still being sought. In this review we present a historical outline of 1,3-PD production, as well as the microorganisms and their metabolic pathways that are involved in glycerol fermentation to 1,3-PD.
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