The nonlinear dielectric effect (NDE) has been studied in o-bromochlorobenzene and m-bromochlorobenzene, and their solutions in benzene. On the basis of NDE results and the values of electric permittivity ε, density d, and refractive index n obtained in this work, the molar polarizabilities: linear ⟨μ^{2}⟩ and nonlinear ⟨μ^{4}⟩ were calculated. Assuming dipolar association of the investigated dihalogenobenzenes molecules to be restricted to dimerization, the Gibbs energy ΔG^{0}_{dim} of the dimerization process as a function of the Onsager field factor f(ε) is determined, which allowed us to draw a conclusion on the structure of associates.
Over the last decade, antisense oligodeoxynucleotides and ribozymes have emerged as valuable biochemical tools and promising therapeutic reagents in medicine. This review describes the basic principles of their use in the strategy of directed RNA degradation. The rules for the rational choice of targeted RNA sequences, the properties of available RNA cleaving tools, as well as the major problems that limit the effectiveness of this new technology, are discussed. Selected examples of the successful use of antisense oligonucleotides and ribozymes as antiviral agents are presented.
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