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The Modulation of Verbal Information As a Factor Stimulating Conscious Differentiation of Kinaesthetic Sensations in the Aquatic Environment

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Klarowicz A., Groffik B., Rejman M.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
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2011
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vol. 3
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issue 4
311-324
EN
Background: This study aims to find a relationship between the amplitude and duration of verbal information, and a conscious reaction to the kinaesthetic learner.Material/Methods: Research participants in this study consisted of 40 children from elementary school No. 1 in Swidnica (Poland). The group consisted of 16 boys and 24 girls. The respondents' age ranged from 9 to 10 years. Children regularly attended swimming classes 3 times a week for 45 minutes. The method used for the research was the laboratory experiment method, where the aim was to assess the level of differentiation of kinaesthetic sensations in the aquatic environment. Study participants had to perform 10 repetitions of force differentiation of their upper limb adduction movements, under the influence of water resistance felt on the surface of the palm of their hands. The task was to move from the slightest perceptible drag force of water (sensory threshold), through intermediate values to the maximum strength.Results: The results confirmed the hypothesis that the intentional modulation of verbal information affects the level of conscious differentiation force in the aquatic environment. The magnitude of the force registered during the measurements significantly correlated with the intensity of the amplitude of individual words and their duration.Conclusions: The participants' conscious reactions were therefore a response to the teacher's intentional and planned actions. This issue is worth addressing in more detail in subsequent studies. Verbal information should be supplemented with suitably chosen content and then evaluated in terms of its effectiveness relating to the teaching process.
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An Evaluation of Kinesthetic Differentiation Ability in Monofin Swimmers

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Rejman M., Klarowicz A., Zatoń K.
Human Movement
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2012
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vol. 13
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issue 1
8-15
EN
Purpose. The aim of this study was to compare the ability of monofin swimmers in reproducing the bending forces that act on a monofin's surface through the specific leg movement present in swimming as well as the forces that the swimmers generated on a kinesthesiometer as part of a dry-land simulation trial. Methods. Six men, members of the National Monofin Swimming Team, took part in the study. The level of the swimmers' kinesthetic response was defined by examining their repeatability in producing the bend forces that act on a monofin's surface as a reaction to water resistance and by investigation on the pressure force generated by a swimmer's lower limbs during dry-land tests on a kinesthesiometer. Results and conclusions. It was established that a high level of kinesthetic response, estimated in the group of monofin swimmers, was the result of an adaptation evoked from the specificity of their sensory stimulus perception, received in the form of feedback from the monofin's large surface area.
3
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Advisability on the shift from standard front crawl swimming technique to the “kayaking” and “loping” variants

100%
Zatoń K., Szczepan S., Kazimirów R., Rejman M.
Human Movement
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2012
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vol. 13
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issue 3
225-235
EN
Purpose. The aim of this study was to analyze selected kinematics parameters of standard front crawl swimming technique and its variants, the “kayaking” and “loping”, in order to estimate the differences that can determine swimming effectiveness and efficiency Methods. Eighteen swimmers, divided equally into three groups, took part in the research. The first group was composed of individuals who favored the standard technique, the second group used the “kayaking” variant and the third one swam in the “loping” variant. All swimmers were instructed to swim the 50 m freestyle with their technique of choice at maximum velocity. Analysis of kinematic parameters (time, average swimming velocity), swimming cycle parameters (stroke length, stroke rate), and the swimming efficiency coefficient (stroke index) was calculated using SIMI’s 2D Reality Motion Systems software. Results. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test found statistically significant differences in the studied parameters between the standard technique (S) and the “kayaking” (K) and “loping” (L) variants in the time to swim 25 m ( S = 15.472 s, K = 13.540 s, L = 14.108 s), and between (S) and (K) in the 15 m swim time ( St = 9.598 s, Kt = 8.593 s) and average swimming velocity ( Sv = 1.562 m/s, Kv = 1.757 m/s). Conclusions. Analysis of the differences in the kinematic parameters that define front crawl swimming technique finds justification in the need to modify the standard technique of the propulsive movement used in swimming towards those that employ the “kayaking” and “loping” variants as they are more effective in affecting swimming velocity.
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