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1

The influence of rye cytoplasm on meiotic stability of tetraploid Secalotriticum

100%
Apolinarska B.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2003
|
vol. 44
|
issue 2
129-137
EN
Chromosome pairing in tetraploid Secalotriticum was analysed. In the studied plants wheat chromosomes in PMCs during metaphase I showed a higher degree of pairing, in comparison to the rye genome. This is reflected in a very low frequency of univalents and a higher frequency of ring bivalents. The occurrence of wheat univalents was dependent on wheat mixogenome. In plants with an unstabilized fourth homoeologous group, a heteromorphic bivalent 4A-4B was observed in 39.9% of PMCs, whereas in plants with an unstabilized seventh homoeologous group, chromosome 7A-7B pairing was found in all analysed cells. Rye univalents were present in all plants studied. The highest mean frequency of univalents and rod bivalents, both in wheat and in rye genomes, were recorded in plants whose first homoeologous group contained chromosome 1A. The mean number of terminal chiasmata per chromosome amounted to 1.78 in the wheat genome and 1.36 in the rye genome. It may be concluded that the plasmagenes in Secalotriticum did not increase the meiotic stability of the rye genome and also did not stabilize plant fertility.
2

Transfer of chromosomes of the A and B genomes of wheat to tetraploid rye

100%
Apolinarska B.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
1996
|
vol. 37
|
issue 4
345-356
EN
Tetraploid rye was crossed with different tetraploid triticale lines. The F1 generation of tetraploid rye x tetraploid triticale hybrids was backcrossed with 4x rye. After backcrossing, all BC1 F1 plants were subjected to open pollination, whereas in the BC1 F2 generations only plants with wheat chromosomes in their karyotypes were open pollinated. Substitution, addition and addition substitution lines of wheat chromosomes in tetraploid rye were isolated from the F2 and F3 of BC1 . In 60 plants of BC1 F2 , 59 chromosomes from the A genome and 9 from the B genome of wheat were recovered. The wheat chromosomes were monosomic except for five plants which were disomic, viz. 1A and 5A in two plants each, and a translocated 3AS/5AL in one plant. In 235 BC1 F3 plants, 174 wheat addition and substitution chromosomes were found, 143 from the A genome and 31 from the B genome. All wheat chromosomes except 3A from the A genome and four chromosomes from the B genome - 2B, 3B, 5B and 7B were recovered. The number of substitutions ranged from one to four per plant, only two plants having four. In the group of addition plants the number of added wheat chromosomes ranged from one to two, and in the case of addition substitution plants - from two to four.Wheat chromosomes occurred in monosomic form, except 10 plants. Six substitution plants were disomic for 1A, 2A, 5A, 7A, 2B and 3B, respectively. One was disomic for 1A and 5A in two addition plants. Two addition substitution plants were double disomic: 1A and 5A - in one, and 1A and 3B in the other. In the BC1 F3 generation, 23 different translocations were found, four of which occurred between wheat chromosomes and the remaining 19 - between wheat and rye chromosomes. Translocated chromosomes were monosomic, except four plants. Two of them were disomic for 3AS/4RL, one for 4AS/4RS and one for 7AS/7RS. The fertility of both addition and substitution plants ranged from 0 to 38.0 seeds/spike, regardless of the chromosome number, with a mean of 9.61 seeds/spike. Plants with 28 chromosomes showed singnificantly higher fertility than plants with 29 and more chromosomes, except additoion plants with chromosomes 5A and 5B. The analysis of the influence of particular wheat chromosomes on plant fertility showed that both substitution and addition plants with chromosome 6A had the highest average fertility, while plants with chromosome 2B in substitution lines as well as plants with chromosome 2A in addition and addition substitution lines had the lowest fertility .
3

Chromosome pairing in tetraploid rye with monosomic-substitution wheat chromosomes

100%
Apolinarska B.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2003
|
vol. 44
|
issue 2
119-128
EN
In tetraploid rye with single-substitution wheat chromosomes - 1A, 2A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 3B, 5B, 7B - chromosome pairing was analysed at metaphase I in PMCs with the C-banding method. The frequency of univalents of chromosome 1A was considerably higher than that of the other four wheat chromosomes of genome A (6A, 5A, 7A and 2A). Among chromosomes of genome B, the lowest mean frequency of univalents was observed for chromosome 5B. In monosomic lines, wheat chromosomes 1A, 2A, 5A, 6A, 7A and 5B paired with rye homoeologues most often in rod bivalents and in chain quadrivalents (also including 3B). The 47% pairing of 5B-5R chromosomes indicate that the rye genomes block the suppressor Ph1 gene activity. In monosomic plants with chromosomes 5A, 2A, 6A, 7A and 5B, a low frequency of rye univalents was observed. It was also found that the wheat chromosomes influenced the pairing of rye genome chromosomes, as well as the frequency of ring and rod bivalents and tri- and quadrivalents. However, the highest number of terminal chiasmata per chromosome occurred in the presence of chromosomes 5A and 2A, and the lowest ? in the presence of chromosomes 3B and 7B. In the presence of chromosome 5B, the highest frequency of bivalents was observed. The results of the present study show that the rye genome is closer related to the wheat genome A of than to genome B. The high pairing of wheat-rye chromosomes, which occurs in tetraploid rye with substitution wheat chromosomes, indicates that there is a high probability of incorporating wheat chromosome segments into rye chromosomes.
4

Transfer of genes from Dasypyrum villosum (Haynaldia villosa L.) to Secale cereale L.

63%
Apolinarska B., Gruszecka D.
Biotechnologia
|
2001
|
issue 2
63-65
EN
The subject of the study was fertile diploid hybrids of rye, cv. Amilo (2n = RR = 14) with Dasypyrum villosum (Crimea, Ukraine) (2n = VV = 14) ? wild species belonging to Triticeae. translocation. Plants which morphologicaly resembled rye and which showed the highest The analysed strains were obtained using in vitro cultures with subsequent backcrossing of hybrid plants with pollen of ?Amilo? or D. villosum in the case of heterozygotic fertility and total protein content in kernels were selected during several generations. The small differences in the occurrence of heterochromatine bands in rye chromosomes were revealed by the differential staining technique at the stage of mitosis, between hybrid plants and ?Amilo? cv. Cells with mixoploid chromosome number 2n = 13, 2n = 14 and 2n = 15 were present in some plants. Neither substitution nor evident chromosome translocation were found in generations B3/F3 and B4/F2 under investigation. Therefore, the technique of nucleic acids hybridization in situ will be applied to detect fragments of D. villosum genotype introgressed into rye.
5

Aegilops-rye amphiploids and substitution rye used for introgression of genetic material into rye (Secale cereale L.)

51%
Apolinarska B., Wisniewska H., Wojciechowska B.
|
|
vol. 51
|
issue 4
413-420
EN
The valuable genes of Aegilops biuncialis, Ae. ovata, Ae. kotschyi, and Ae. variabilis were transferred to rye, by crossing Aegilops-rye amphiploids with tetraploid and diploid substitution rye. The C-banded karyotype of the BC1 and BC2 generations of amphiploids with 4x substitution rye and BC1 with 2x substitution rye showed great variation in chromosome number and composition. In the BC1 generation of amphiploids with 4x and 2x substitution rye, seed set success rate and germination rate varied depending on origin. However, plant sterility in all cross combinations of amphiploids with 4x and 2x substitution rye resulted in their elimination from further experiments in the BC3 and BC2 generations, respectively. In backcrosses of 4x substitution rye with amphiploids Ae. variabilis x rye 4x, fertile 4x rye plants containing Aegilops chromatin were produced in the BC2 generation.
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