Genetically modified organisms are the key step for innovative medicines. The innovative drugs in the 21st century will be in the majority of proteins, nucleic acids and their combinations. The critical issues in case of biopharmaceuticals are quality and reproducibility of production. These aspects are evident in biosimilars (generics) and protection of intellectual property rights.
Public perception is one of key factors for the future development of biotechnology. We surveyed Polish society in years 1998-2001. Significant decrease of trust in biotechnology during this period of time has been found. In conclusion, the necessity of permanent education is stressed.
In Poland first field experiments with 3 transgenic plants: potato, corn and beet, have been performed during this year (1997). Ministry of Agriculture in cooperation with the Ministry of Environment Protection, State Committee for Scientific Research and Ministry of Health established the Experts Committee for Genetically Modified Organisms (July 1996) and a procedure for applications concerning the introduction of GMO to the environment was developed (February 1997). The aims of the Committee are: to draw up legal regulations, to evaluate the applications concerning the release of GMOs (registration, permit, technical guidelines).
In 2007 Polish farmers produced 320 ha of genetically modified corn. About 85% of Polish farmers want to have freedom of choice and in 2007 over 70% are ready to breed GM corn. It is important to know, that Polish farmers correctly recognize the profits from GM plants. About 90% of farmers expect solid information from the state administration and labeling of GM products.
The mechanism of protein biosynthesis is common in all organism. The structural elements of ribosomes participating in substeps of this process are conserved. The best studied fragment of L-rRNA - a-sarcin domain is identical within all leaving ogranisms. In this paper, we described main steps of polypeptide synthesis carried out by ribosomes.
Patents are of critical value for future commercial development of innovation. Knowledge of legal system dedicated for intellectual property rights is limited. Basic information concerning biotechnological invention and patenting are presented with focus on 'red' biotechnology.
The public perception of novel food ['GMO food'] was surveyed on representative sample of Polish society and on Polish biotechnologists. More than a half society is ready to accept the novel food, however under several restrictions: labelling and government supervision. About one third of the society is strongly against the new technologies in food production. The biotechnologists in majority declare the positive future effects of genetic engineering [about 4% of the experts is in opposition to this optimistic view]. The lay people [about 2/3] as well as the experts [90 %] believe in the positive outcome of modern genetics on the quality of food and they see the new methods as the solution for world hunger. In general we noticed unexpected high support for novel food.
The report describes biotechnological aspects of plant and animal breeding, food production and legal regulations in Poland.The conditions and perspectives of development are discussed.
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