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EN
Monoterpenes, widely distributed in nature, constitute suitable precursor substrates for potential production of valuable natural flavour and fragrance compounds. Among various monoterpenes, limonene is a cheap and readily available starting material, utilized for e.g. biotransformation into more valuable compounds like carvone and alpha-terpineol. This rewiev presents properties, application, and possibilities, as well as trials of biotechnological conversion of limonene using some microorganisms.
EN
Monoterpenes, are the largest class of plant secondary metabolites. The review discusses some of their key roles in chemical ecology. Several applications of monoterpenes in flavour and fragrance industry, bioremediation, in prevention and therapy of several inflammatory infection, potential disease-preventive phytochemicals, especially for cancer development, are presented. This review also aims at a potential offered by biocatalysis for the synthesis of valuable natural monoterpenes, highlighting relevant biotransformation of suitable precursors (like pinene, limonene, myrcene) using microorganism and porphyrins. The industrial processes based on biotechnological methods are also discussed in terms of their advantages over classical chemical synthesis and extraction from natural sources.
EN
Nowadays, the chemistry of porphyrins, phthalocyanines and related compounds (usually named as tetrapyrrolic rings) is one of the most interesting and promising subjects of supramolecular chemistry, because of unique photoactive properties of the porphyrin rings and their ability of electron transfer. The possibility of synthesis of tetrapyrroles with countless organic groups substituted to nine reactive centers of porphyrin ring and synthesis of complexes with almost all metal ions and, additionally, easy to modify the molecular structure of such obtained compounds give a chance of using the porphyrins in many different areas of life. In this paper, we present the most significant problems concerning porphyrins and their metal complexes, such as the molecular structures and physicochemical properties. We also show the most interesting applications, including the role of porphyrins as photosensitizers in photolysis of water and in photodynamic therapy (PDT).
EN
The interest in the use of metal porphyrins in biomimetic catalysis has been constantly increasing during the last twenty years, as the enzymology studies were showing the role of this complexes as prosthetic groups of cytochromes P-450, peroxidases and catalases. In particular, a number of research groups have focused their interest on the ability of metal porphyrins to catalyze redox processes on organic compounds under mild conditions, both for converting these compounds into more usuful products and for purifying industrial effluents. The aim of this review is to highlight the efforts of researchers in utilising metalloporphyrins for economically attractive processes. Interesting reactions are allylic hydroxylations of cheap and readily available precursor monoterpenes (like limonene, pinene) for potential production of valuable natural flavour and fragrance compounds, selective oxidation of alkyl chains of the alkanes, regioselective oxidation of cyclic hydrocarbons (eg. cycloheksan), steroids, as well as reduction of the halogenated alkanes.
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