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1
Content available remote

Structure and Magnetic Propertics of Fe/Zr Multilayers

100%
Szymański B., Stobiecki F.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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1994
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vol. 85
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issue 2
455-459
EN
In this paper we report results of investigation into structure and magnetic properties of as-deposited Fe/Zr multilayers with different wavelength of modulation, λ, and thicknesses ratio of sublayers r = d_{Fe}/d_{Zr}. Three series of samples with r equal to 0.5, 1, 2 and λ from 12 nm to 1.2 nm were prepared by sputtering technique. The samples were studied by X-ray diffraction and torque curve measurements. It is shown that during deposition amorphization process takes place at interfaces. For nominal Fe sublayer thickness d_{Fe} smaller than 2 nm the multilayers are found to be completely amorphous independently of r, and consist of alternating Fe-rich and Fe-poor amorphous sublayers.
2
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Magnetic Studies of Polycrystalline Magnetostrictive CoPd Films with Large Planar Strain

100%
Dubowik J., Szymański B.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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1994
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vol. 85
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issue 5
863-867
EN
We report on ferromagnetic resonance and torque curves measurements in electrodeposited CoPd alloy films with composition ranged from Co_{13}Pd_{87} to Co_{45}Pd_{55}. We show that the origin of the multimode structure of ferromagnetic resonance spectra in these strongly magnetostrictive polycrystalline films can be satisfactorily explained on the basis of the independent-grain-approach for a textured microstructure. The fourfold periodicity of the torque curves for the compositional range of 30-35 at% of Co seems to be originated by the microstructure features which lead to a distribution of the easy axis directions within the films.
3
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Magnetic Properties and GMR of Sputtered Permalloy/Au Multilayers

100%
Szymański B., Stobiecki F.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2000
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vol. 97
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issue 3
535-538
EN
We report on structural, magnetic, and GMR properties of permalloy/Au multilayers where permalloy = Ni_{83}Fe_{17}, deposited by face-to-face sputtering onto Si(111) substrate. X-ray diffraction studies confirmed a good structural quality of our multilayers. The samples were characterised with vibrating sample magnetometer, longitudinal magnetooptical Kerr effect and giant magnetoresistance measurements. It was determined that our multilayers are magnetically very soft with H_{c} ≈ 1 Oe and show uniaxial anisotropy with H_{K} ≈ 5 Oe. For gold sublayer thickness d_{Au} close to 1.1 nm the antiferromagnetic coupling is present in very narrow Au thickness range (≈ 0.2 nm). Despite a good structural quality of samples relatively small giant magnetoresistance value (1.2% at room temperature) was found. It is due to non-perfect aniferromagnetic coupling caused by pinholes.
4
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Giant Magnetoresistance of [Ni_{80}Fe_{20}/Au/Co/Au]_{N} Multilayers Deposited on Flexible Substrates

81%
Gospodarczyk W., Urbaniak M., Stobiecki F., Szymański B.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2012
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vol. 121
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issue 5-6
1234-1236
EN
Magnetic hysteresis and magnetoresistance of [Ni_{80}Fe_{20}/Au/Co/Au]_{10} multilayers displaying giant magnetoresistance and sputtered on a flexible polypropylene substrates (an adhesive tape) is investigated. The magnetoresistive properties are very similar to those found in films prepared under the same conditions on Si(100) substrates. It is demonstrated, too, that a bendability of the substrates can be utilized to form cylindrically shaped magnetoresistive sensors with reduced anisotropy of the effect.
5
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Interface Mixing in Fe/Si Multilayers Observed by the In Situ Conductance Measurements

81%
Chomiuk P., Błaszyk M., Szymański B., Luciński T.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2009
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vol. 115
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issue 1
355-356
EN
In this contribution the in situ conductance vs. deposition time dependences of Fe/Si multilayers are analysed. The plot of resistance multiplied by the square of the thickness as a function of iron thickness shows that during the iron deposition initially amorphous-like Fe-Si mixture is formed, next the mixture crystallises, and finally bcc-Fe phase appears. The interface mixing is also manifested by the reduction of the total multilayer thickness measured by small angle X-ray diffraction.
6
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Hydrogen Absorption in Gd Thin Films

81%
Marczyńska A., Pacanowski S., Szymański B., Smardz L.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2018
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vol. 133
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issue 3
624-627
EN
In this contribution we have studied an initial hydrogen absorption in Gd thin films using in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ex-situ standard X-ray diffraction. As an initial hydrogen absorption indicator we have used broadening of the Gd-4f peak. The Gd thin films with a thickness of 200 nm were deposited at room temperature (RT) using UHV RF magnetron sputtering. As a substrate we have used naturally oxidised Si(100) wafers with 20 nm - Pd buffer layer. Furthermore, hydrogen absorption kinetics under a pressure of 100 mbar in Pd covered 200 nm Gd thin film was studied at RT using four-point resistivity measurements.
7
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Structure and Magnetic Properties of Ni/Ti Multilayers

81%
Szymański B., Stobiecki F., Otto T., Röll K.
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EN
We report a study of structure and magnetic properties of Ni/Ti multilayers with different modulation wavelength, 10 nm ≤ λ ≤ 40 nm, and constant sublayers thickness ratio d_{Ni}/d_{Ti}=1. Specimens were characterized with X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer and torque meter in as-deposited state and in successive stages of isothermal annealing at 423 K. Hysteresis curves of as-deposited samples revealed the typical feature of ferromagnetic films with predominant shape anisotropy. During annealing very pronounced changes in the hysteresis loops were observed. An analysis of the loops indicates the occurrence of distinct changes in magnetic anisotropy of Ni sublayers: their effective shape anisotropy is drastically reduced due to a development of the perpendicular anisotropy and/or a modification of the microstructure. The effect can possibly be applied to achieve desirable variation of perpendicular anisotropy in multilayers which consist of Ni sublayers.
8
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Growth and Structural Characterisation of V/Fe Multilayers

81%
Marczyńska A., Skoryna J., Szymański B., Smardz L.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2015
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vol. 127
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issue 2
552-554
EN
The (110) oriented V/Fe multilayers were prepared at room temperature using UHV magnetron sputtering. As a substrate we have used Si(100) wafers with an oxidised surface. The surface chemical composition and the cleanness of all layers was checked in situ, immediately after deposition, transferring the samples to an UHV analysis chamber equipped with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The structure of the multilayers has been studied ex situ by low- and high-angle X-ray diffraction. The modulation wavelength was determined from the spacing between satellite peaks in the X-ray diffraction patterns. Results were consistent with the values obtained from total thickness divided by the number of repetitions. Growth of the Fe (V) on 1.6 nm V (Fe) underlayer was studied by succesive deposition and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements starting from 0.2 nm of Fe (V) layer, respectively. From the exponential variation of the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Fe 2p and V 2p integral intensities with increasing layer thickness we conclude that the Fe and V sublayers grow homogeneously in the planar mode.
9
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Selective Modification of Magnetic Properties of Co_1 /Au/Co_2/Au Multilayers by He Ion Bombardment

71%
Urbaniak M., Stobiecki F., Engel D., Szymański B., Ehresmann A.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2009
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vol. 115
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issue 1
326-328
EN
We show that in a [Co_1/Au/Co_2/Au]_4 multilayer, where Co_{1(2)} denote Co layers of different thicknesses, a 10 keV He-ion bombardment with a 6×10^{14} ions cm^{-2} dose leads to changes of the easy direction from out-of-plane to in-plane in the thicker Co layers (t_{Co2} = 1 nm) while the perpendicular anisotropy of the thinner Co layers (t_{Co1} = 0.6 nm) is preserved. The investigated multilayers were obtained by sputtering and the thickness of the Au layers (t_{Au} = 4 nm) ensured that a direct coupling between the Co layers (through pinholes) and Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida-like interactions were negligible.
10
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Changes of Structure and Magnetic Properties of (Ni_{80}Fe_{20}/Au/Co/Au)_N Multilayers as a Function of Repetition Number N

71%
Szymański B., Stobiecki F., Urbaniak M., Siffalovic P., Majkova E.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2008
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vol. 113
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issue 1
205-208
EN
The influence of repetition number N on magnetoresistance, magnetic reversal and structure of sputtered (Ni_{80}Fe_{20}/Au/Co/Au)_N multilayers was investigated. The multilayers are characterized by in-plane (Ni_{80}Fe_{20}) and out-of-plane (Co) magnetic anisotropy of ferromagnetic layers and show considerable magnetoresistance effect (ΔR/R) of the giant magnetoresistance type. Increased N results in an enhancement of ΔR/R from about 0.5% for N=1 up to above 5% for N=15. This enhancement is caused by: diminishing the role of electron scattering at the surfaces, decreasing the effect of structural imperfection and the lack of the perpendicular anisotropy of Co layer in the first period. The interpretation is corroborated by low ΔR/R value observed for N=1 and an evolution of the ΔR(H)/R dependence with increasing N. The anisotropy field of Co layers also increases with N.
11
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Interlayer Exchange Coupling in Nb/Fe Multilayers

71%
Marczyńska A., Pugaczowa-Michalska M., Szymański B., Majchrzycki Ł., Smardz L.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2018
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vol. 133
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issue 3
605-608
EN
The (110) oriented Nb-Fe multilayers (MLs) with constant Fe and variable Nb sublayer thicknesses were prepared at room temperature using UHV magnetron sputtering. The artificial periodicity was revealed by intense satellite peaks in the low- and high-angle X-ray diffraction patterns. Magnetic hysteresis loop measurements at 5 K revealed antiferromagnetic (AF) exchange coupling of the Fe sublayers for Nb spacer thickness of about 3 monolayers. The corresponding AF coupling energy is equal to about -1.36 mJ/m². The Nb spacer thickness corresponding to the position of the AF peak is in good agreement with ab-initio calculations within localized spin density approximations of exchange-correlation potential.
12
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High-Quality Ni-Fe/Cu Multilayer Films with Antiferromagnetic Coupling

62%
Stobiecki F., Dubowik J., Luciński T., Szymański B., Rohrmann H., Röll K., Schmidt M.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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1997
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vol. 91
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issue 2
277-280
EN
We report structural and magnetic properties of Ni_{83}Fe_{17}/Cu multilayer films with various buffer layer and sublayer thicknesses of copper d_{Cu} and Permalloy d_{Py} deposited by face-to-face sputtering. The following features prove a good quality of our films: a well-layered structure, complete antiferromagnetic coupling with a low coupling strength (2×10^{-5} J/m^{2} for d_{Cu}=1 nm and 10^{-6} J/m^{^2} for d_{Cu}=2.1 nm) and a low coercive field which make them attractive for possible applications as giant magnetoresistance sensors.
13
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Magneto-Optical Study of NiFe/Au/Co/Au Layers

62%
Mazalski P., Postava K., Tekielak M., Maziewski A., Urbaniak M., Szymański B., Stobiecki F.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2009
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vol. 115
|
issue 1
369-371
EN
Sputtered NiFe/Au/Co/Au layers with noncollinear magnetizations are of scientific interest for unusual magnetization behavior and their potential application in spintronics. In this paper, we propose to use a material selective sensitivity of magneto-optical Kerr effect for separation of signals from different materials in a bilayer system. The materials selective sensitivity is demonstrated on a sample with two mutually perpendicular Co and NiFe wedges.
14
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Magnetisation and Hydrogenation of Mg/Ni Multilayers

62%
Pacanowski S., Marczyńska A., Dawczak-Dębicki H., Jabłoński B., Szymański B., Smardz L.
Acta Physica Polonica A
|
2018
|
vol. 133
|
issue 3
617-619
EN
In this contribution we have studied magnetisation of Mg/Ni multilayers (MLs) to characterise the alloing effect near interfaces. The layered structure was characterised by standard X-ray diffraction. The MLs were deposited by UHV magnetron sputtering onto naturally oxidised Si(100) substrates. Results showed, that due to Mg-Ni alloy formation near interfaces the magnetizations of the MLs were strongly reduced. Effective "dead" Ni layer thickness was estimated as 1.2 nm at room temperature (RT). Furthermore, hydrogen absorption kinetics at a pressure of about 1000 mbar was studied at RT in Pd covered Mg/Ni MLs using four-point resistivity measurements. Results showed that the fastest initial rise in resistance in the first 9 s was observed for d_{Ni}=3.5 nm.
15
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Complex Magnetic Structure of Strongly Coupled Fe/Si Multilayers

62%
Dubowik J., Stobiecki F., Szymański B., Kudryavtsev Y., Grabias A., Kopcewicz M.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2000
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vol. 97
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issue 3
451-454
EN
Fe/Si multilayers with strong bilinear and biquadratic couplings were investigated. A complex structure revealed by the Mössbauer spectroscopy corresponds to multimode ferromagnetic resonance spectra in a non-saturated state. Simple dispersion relations for antiferromagnetic coupled bilayer structures are shown to be inapplicable to the Fe/Si multilayers with a strong biquadratic component to the antiferromagnetic bilinear coupling.
16
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Hard and Soft X-Ray Reflectivity Studies οf (NiFe/Au/Co/Au)_{10} Magnetic Multilayers

52%
Szymański B., Stobiecki F., Weis T., Engel D., Urbaniak M., Kuświk P., Lengemann D., Ehresmann A.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2009
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vol. 115
|
issue 1
366-368
EN
We report on hard and soft X-ray reflectivity investigations of (Ni_{80}Fe_{20} (2.2 nm)/Au(2.3 nm)/Co(0.8 nm)/Au(2.3 nm))_{10} multilayers. Specular reflectivity curves were measured with Cu K_{α} radiation and circularly polarized synchrotron radiation tuned to Co L_{3} and Ni L_{3} absorption edges. Structural properties of the multilayers were determined from the hard X-ray reflectivity curve. Comparison of reflectivity curves taken at different photon energies shows: (i) small difference in peak positions in dependence of reflectivity versus scattering vector q, (ii) different shapes of satellite Bragg peaks, (iii) different ranges of q for appearance of the Kiessig fringes. Analysis of soft X-ray reflectivity curves taken as a function of magnetic field allows to determine magnetic properties of Co and NiFe layer specifically.
17
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The Influence of He^+ Ion Bombardment on Magnetic Properties of NiFe/Au/Co/Au Multilayers

52%
Kuświk P., Szymański B., Urbaniak M., Stobiecki F., Sveklo I., Kisielewski J., Maziewski A., Jagielski J.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2009
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vol. 115
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issue 1
352-354
EN
The influence of He^+ ion bombardment on magnetoresistance, magnetization reversal and domain structure of sputtered (Ni_{80}Fe_{20}(2 nm)/Au(2 nm)/Co(0.6 nm)/Au(2 nm))_{10} multilayers was investigated. The samples were bombarded using He^+(30 keV) ions with fluences D varied from 10^{13} to 3×10^{16} He^+/cm^{2}. With increasing D the following changes in magnetic properties were observed: (i) exponential decay of the saturation field of Co layers, (ii) progressive decrease in magnetoresistance as a result of degradation of Co layers perpendicular anisotropy, (iii) linear decrease in stripe domain period with log(D).
18
Content available remote

Preparation and Characterisation of Fe/Ce Multilayer

52%
Dawczak-Dębicki H., Marczyńska A., Pacanowski S., Szymański B., Majchrzycki Ł., Kowalski W., Grembowski W., Bilski T., Smardz L.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2018
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vol. 133
|
issue 3
628-631
EN
Ce/Fe multilayer (ML) with constant Fe (2 nm) and Ce (4.5 nm) sublayer thicknesses was prepared onto naturally oxidised Si(100) substrate using magnetron sputtering. Chemical purity of the sublayers was revealed in-situ by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. The structure of the sample was studied by standard low- and high-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD). Surface morphology of the ML was examined by atomic force microscopy. Magnetic properties of the sample was studied in the temperature range between 5 and 350 K using a vibrating sample magnetometer in a magnetic field up to 9 T. The hysteresis loops were measured in field perpendicular and parallel to the substrate. Furthermore, hydrogen absorption at a pressure of about 1000 mbar was studied at room temperature (RT) in Pd covered ML using four-point resistivity measurements. The solid state amorphisation reaction have been confirmed by XRD and magnetic measurements of the Ce/Fe ML. The absence of satellite peaks in the low - angle XRD pattern revealed no artificial layered structure. The above results show that interdiffusion of cerium and iron atoms is extremely fast at RT.
19
Content available remote

He⁺ Ion Bombardment Induced Effects on Magnetic Properties of Ni-Fe/Au/Co/Au Films

52%
Kuświk P., Szymański B., Urbaniak M., Dubowik J., Stobiecki F., Kisielewski J., Tekielak M., Maziewski A., Weis T., Ehresmann A.
Acta Physica Polonica A
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2008
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vol. 113
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issue 2
651-656
EN
The influence of He⁺ (10 keV) ion bombardment on magnetic properties of sputter deposited Ni_{80}Fe_{20}/Au/Co/Au layered films was studied. The variable parameters were the thickness of the Co layer or Au spacer and the ion dose. The magnetooptical Kerr measurements were performed on samples with wedge shaped Co or Au layers. With increasing dose of helium ions the following changes in magnetic properties were observed: (i) a decrease in the Co thickness range corresponding to the perpendicular anisotropy, (ii) a decrease in the coercive field (H_C), (iii) an increase in the ferromagnetic coupling between ferromagnetic layers.
20
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Domains Stimulated Magnetostatic Coupling in NiFe/Au/Co/Au Multilayers Investigated by Complementary Methods

43%
Stobiecki F., Urbaniak M., Szymański B., Kuświk P., Schmidt M., Aleksiejew J., Weis T., Engel D., Lengemann D., Ehresmann A., Kopcewicz M.
Acta Physica Polonica A
|
2009
|
vol. 115
|
issue 1
345-347
EN
The magnetic structure of Ni_{80}Fe_{20}/Au/Co/Au multilayers characterized by easy-plane and easy-axis perpendicular to the sample plane anisotropies for NiFe and Co, respectively, is strongly modified by magnetostatic coupling resulting from stray fields of stripe domains in the Co layers. Using complementary methods it will be shown that the magnetostatic coupling increases with decreasing Au spacer thickness, with the weakening of the easy plane anisotropy of the NiFe layers and with increasing thickness of the Co layers.
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