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EN
Micro arc oxidation (MAO) of aluminum alloy samples was studied using bipolar pulses with various pulse durations under constant duty cycle. The processing times were chosen as 20, 30 and 40 minutes. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface roughness measurement (R_a) and indentation tests were employed to investigate the phase distribution, microstructure, surface properties and hardness of the coatings, respectively. By increasing the pulse duration and processing time, coatings with different surface roughness, thickness and hardness were fabricated.
EN
In the present study, first Ti6Al4V alloy was deposited on steel (AISI 1060) surfaces by using ESD method. The optimum electrical parameters for the coating process were investigated to obtain high quality coatings. Then, in order to gain bio-compatibility and obtain second layer, which was coated with hydroxyapatite (HAp), MAO technique was applied on the present coating. Resulting duplex layers were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis together with surface roughness, coating thickness, scratch tests and hardness tests.
EN
In this study, micro alloy steel (St 35) surfaces, which were coated with different hard alloy electrode materials via Electro Spark Deposition (ESD) method, have been characterized. The electrode materials were chosen among hard alloys such as; TiCN(Ni), CrC-NiCr, WC(Co) and TiWC(Co). During the ESD experiments, the following pulse parameters in a group were used: pulse current amplitude, pulse duration, electrical charge of 100-200 A, 100 μs, 1000 mC respectively. The surface roughness, thickness of coatings, cross sectional microstructure analysis, phase analysis, micro hardness and adhesion properties of the coated samples were characterized by profilometer, SEM (EDX), XRD, micro hardness tester and scratch adhesion tester respectively.
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Freezing in Halide Salts

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EN
The static criterion that the amplitude of the principal peak of the liquid structure factor has a constant value along the freezing line and the onset of freezing are studied from the structure factors and the static dielectric functions of halide salts interacting via the effective pair potentials through the hypernetted-chain approximation. It is observed that the criterion above is restricted to the effective charge difference. The critical value of plasma parameter at freezing is affected by the mobility and number concentration of anions and cations. The distribution of the value of the static dielectric function closest to the wave number axis in the negative region is also determined by the charge difference and the ordering of ions and related to the onset of freezing.
EN
In this study, siderophore-producing bacterial species have been isolated from soils contaminated with diesel oil. In P. aeruginosa (P-7) production of siderophores was inhibited at concentrations of ZnSO₄ and CoCl₂ of 2000 μM, while B. subtilis (BS-1) has increased siderophores production at similar concentrations of CoCl₂ and ZnSO₄. The same bacteria have increased the production of siderophores in presence of streptomycine (512 mg/ml). In B. subtilis the production of siderophores was inhibited by cefuroxime. The results show the effect of metals on the efficiency of siderophore production by bacteria for potential application in bioremediation of metal-contaminated iron-deficient soils in the microbial assisted phytoremediation processes. The results include the effect of metals on siderophore production efficiency of the bacteria used for the bioremediation of metal-contaminated soils. In conclusion, it has been found that heavy metals and antibiotics significantly effect the production of siderophores by bacteria.
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