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Charakterystyka dostępnych w Polsce suplementów diety zawierających w swoim składzie glutation (GSH)

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Czeczot H., Witwicka J.
Farmacja Polska
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2020
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vol. 76
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issue 4
195-202
EN
Glutathione (GSH) is a endogenous , low molecular weight thiol compound. It has a wide spectrum of biological activity in the body. It is an important element of the antioxidant system that protects cells against the effects of oxidative stress. As an antioxidant, GSH inactivates free radicals and reactive forms of oxygen and nitrogen in enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions, regenerates other antioxidants, e.g. vitamins C and E, maintains - SH groups in proteins in a reduced state, participates in the detoxification of xenobiotics. The decrease in GSH concentration occurs in many diseases and in the aging process. Increasing the level of GSH in the body's cells is possible by consuming dietary components containing GSH or amino acids (especially cysteine) for its endogenous synthesis and supplementation with GSH pharmaceutical preparations. The aim of the study was to characterize dietary supplements available in Poland containing glutathione (GSH). The analysis covered 39 supplements from GSH, which were available in Poland. Their characteristics include: place / country of production; type of preparations (single and multi-component); bioavailability of GSH contained therein - preparations in the liposome formula (lipophilic GSH) and in the non-liposome formula (non-lipophilic GSH); pharmaceutical form in which these preparations were available on the commercial offer and GSH content in supplements. Among 39 GSH supplements, there were 24 single-component and 15 multi-component preparations. The largest number of GSH supplements available in Poland came from the USA and Great Britain. Among GSH supplements, there were 15 liposome (lipophilic) formula preparations, of which 12 were lipophilic one-component and 3 multi-component and 24 non-liposome (non-lipophilic) formula preparations - 12 single and 12 multi-component. Capsules, gel, liquid and tablets were the most common pharmaceutical form among all analyzed GSH supplements. The rarest pharmaceutical form was lozenges, aerosol, powder and ampoule. Analysis of GSH supplements available in Poland showed that in one single dose of the preparation was from 18 mg to 750 mg GSH. The most common dose was 250, 450 and 500 mg GSH in a single dose. One-component supplements most often contained 450 mg, then 250 and 500 mg GSH, while multi-component supplements - 250 mg GSH.
PL
Glutation (GSH) jest niskocząsteczkowym związkiem tiolowym, który wykazuje szerokie spektrum biologicznej aktywności. Jest ważnym elementem systemu antyoksydacyjnego chroniącego komórki przed skutkami stresu oksydacyjnego. Jako antyoksydant GSH unieczynnia wolne rodniki i reaktywne formy tlenu i azotu, regeneruje inne antyoksydanty np. witaminę C i E, utrzymuje grupy –SH w białkach w stanie zredukowanym, bierze udział w detoksykacji ksenobiotyków. Obniżenie stężenia GSH występuje w wielu schorzeniach. Zwiększenie poziomu GSH w komórkach organizmu jest możliwe poprzez spożywanie składników diety zawierających GSH, czy aminokwasy (szczególnie cysteina) do jego endogennej syntezy oraz suplementację preparatami farmaceutycznymi z GSH. Celem pracy była charakterystyka dostępnych w Polsce suplementów diety zawierających w swoim składzie glutation (GSH). Analizą objęto 39 suplementów z GSH. Ich charakterystyka uwzględnia: miejsce/kraj ich produkcji; typ preparatów (jedno- i wieloskładnikowe); biodostępność zawartego w nich GSH - preparaty w formule liposomowej (lipofilny GSH) i w formule nieliposomowej (nielipofilny GSH); postać farmaceutyczną preparatów oraz zawartość GSH w suplementach. Wśród 39 suplementów z GSH było 24 preparaty jedno- i 15 wieloskładnikowych. Największa liczba suplementów z GSH pochodziła z USA i Wielkiej Brytanii. Wśród suplementów z GSH było: 15 preparatów formuły liposomowej (lipofilnej ), z czego lipofilnych jednoskładnikowych było 12, a wieloskładnikowych 3 oraz 24 preparaty formuły nieliposomowej (nielipofilnej) - 12 jedno- i 12 wieloskładnikowych. Najczęściej występującą postacią farmaceutyczną wśród wszystkich analizowanych suplementów z GSH były kapsułki, żel, płyn i tabletki. W pojedynczej dawce preparatu znajdowało się od 18 mg do 750 mg GSH. Najczęściej znajdowało się 250, 450 i 500 mg GSH . Suplementy jednoskładnikowe najczęściej zawierały 450 mg GSH, natomiast wieloskładnikowe 250 mg GSH.
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The effect of 4,4-dimethylmorpholine chloride (Stymulen) on the Ames tester strains of Salmonella typhimurium

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Kobierska-Szeliga M., Bilbin M., Czeczot H.
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vol. 40
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issue 1
46-47
3
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Glutathione and GSH-dependent enzymes in patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma

81%
Czeczot H., Ścibior D., Skrzycki M., Podsiad M.
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2006
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vol. 53
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issue 1
237-242
EN
We investigated glutathione level, activities of selenium independent GSH peroxidase, selenium dependent GSH peroxidase, GSH S-transferase, GSH reductase and the rate of lipid peroxidation expressed as the level of malondialdehyde in liver tissues obtained from patients diagnosed with cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. GSH level was found to be lower in malignant tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues and it was higher in cancer than in cirrhotic tissue. Non-Se-GSH-Px activity was lower in cancer tissue compared with adjacent normal liver or cirrhotic tissue, while Se-GSH-Px activity in cancer was found to be similar to its activity in cirrhotic tissue and lower compared to control tissue. An increase in GST activity was observed in cirrhotic tissue compared with cancer tissue, whereas the GST activity in cancer was lower than in adjacent normal tissue. The activity of GSH-R was similar in cirrhotic and cancer tissues, but higher in cancer tissue compared to control liver tissue. An increased level of MDA was found in cancer tissue in comparison with control tissue, besides its level was higher in cancer tissue than in cirrhotic tissue. Our results show that the antioxidant system of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma is severely impaired. This is associated with changes of glutathione level and activities of GSH-dependent enzymes in liver tissue. GSH and enzymes cooperating with it are important factors in the process of liver diseases development.
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Expression and activity of superoxide dismutase isoenzymes in colorectal cancer

81%
Skrzycki M., Majewska M., Podsiad M., Czeczot H.
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issue 4
663-670
EN
The aim of the study was an evaluation of changes in protein level and activity of SOD isoenzymes, and the participation of AP-1 and NF-κB in subsequent stages of colorectal cancer development. Studies were conducted on 65 colorectal cancers. Controls were unchanged colon regions. Activity of SOD isoenzymes, lipid peroxidation level (TBARS), and protein level of SOD1, SOD2, AP-1 and NF-κB were determined. We found that the protein level and activity of SOD isoenzymes and protein level of AP-1 and NF-κB change in subsequent stages of clinical advancement of colorectal cancer, according to UICC (I-IV), and in grades of tumor cells differentiation (G1-G3). These results indicate adaptation of colorectal cancer cells to oxidative stress, and show that the observed changes of SOD activity and protein level depend on gradual progression of colorectal cancer, and suggest an impairment of processes regulated by AP-1 and NF-κB which are critical for tumor progression (proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis).
5
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The effect of nitrofurazone and furazolidone on induction of cytochrome P-450 dependent monooxygenase system

81%
Czeczot H., Kobierska-Szeliga M., Bilbin M.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
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1992
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vol. 39
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issue 1
127-131
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The ability of thiram to inhibit eukaryotic topoisomerase II and to damage DNA

80%
Rahden-Staroń I., Czeczot H., Kowalska-Loth B.
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vol. 40
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issue 1
51-53
7
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Characterization of the genotoxic properties of nitrofurans: nitrofurazone and furazolidone

80%
Kobierska-Szeliga M., Czeczot H.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
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1994
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vol. 41
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issue 1
1-5
8
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Effect of flavones and their metabolites on induction of SOS repair in the strain PQ 37- E. coli K-12

80%
Czeczot H., Bilbin M.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
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1991
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vol. 38
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issue 1
71-74
9
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Mutagenic activity of quercetin in derivatives of Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA with increased permeability

79%
Czeczot H.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
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1994
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vol. 41
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issue 2
144-147
10
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Nonidentity of subunits of human kidney arginase A_1 and human liver arginase A_5

71%
Porembska Z., Grabon W., Żelazowska E., Czeczot H., Zamęcka E.
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vol. 40
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issue 4
465-470
11
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A study of the genotoxic potential of flavonoids using short-term bacterial assays

70%
Czeczot H., Kusztelak J.
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12
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Lack of mutagenic activity of saponins in the Ames test

61%
Czeczot H., Rahden-Staroń I., Oleszek W., Jurzysta M.
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vol. 40
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issue 1
74-76
13
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Quercetin introduces strand breaks into bacterial DNA

60%
Czeczot H., Rahden-Staroń I., Bilbin M.
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vol. 40
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issue 1
72-73
14
Content available remote

Induction of aberrant crypts in the colons of rats by alkylating agents

60%
Bilbin M., Tudek B., Czeczot H.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
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1992
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vol. 39
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issue 1
113-117
15
Content available remote

The effect of flavonoids on the mutagenic activity of aromatic amines

60%
Czeczot H.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
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1992
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vol. 39
|
issue 1
119-125
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