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EN
Penetrating traumas of the facial skeleton are relatively rare; however, they can be dangerous and even life-threatening. The epidemiology of facial skeleton trauma is diverse and depends on the affected region, age, and the kind of foreign body that caused the injury. In Poland, the most common cause of penetrating traumas are accidents and assaults, and only rarely accidents are related to improper use of firecrackers or fireworks. The aim of this study is to present a literature review and our own experience with penetrating traumas of the face and the facial part of the cranium. Six cases with severe wounds and fractures of the facial skeleton were treated between the years 2000 and 2012 in our department. The applied treatment methods depended mainly on the general condition of the patients. In all cases, we achieved acceptable functional and aesthetic outcomes.
EN
Number of deaths related with injuries suffered as a result of experienced traumas is increasing. Penetrating traumas of the facial skeleton occur relatively rarely and much more often concern rather children than adults. Epidemiology relating this kind of trauma differs depending on the region of the world. In Poland, gunshot injuries as well as traumas caused by explosions of firecrackers or fireworks amount only to a slight percentage among all facial skeleton traumas, and the most common reason for penetrating traumas lies in accidents or assault with the use of sharp, narrow and long objects that easily enter bones of the facial skeleton. The present study reported the case of 50-year-old man who suffered from trauma of the facial skeleton, which resulted from foreign body (pickaxe) penetration into the subtemporal area, zygomatic arch and the right orbital cavity. The surgical treatment method and final outcome was presented and discussed.
EN
The aim of the study was to analyze the results of patients’ subjective self-assessment of surgical treatment of prognathism. Materials and methods. The study included 35 patients who underwent extraoral vertical ramus osteotomy. Each patient responded to 12 questions contained in the questionnaire created by the authors. Results. All respondents positively assessed their appearance after surgery. In most cases they pointed out the positive impact of treatment on their self-confidence (82.9% of responses). The vast majority of respondents felt improvement in biting off food (91.4%). Conclusions. Patients positively evaluate the outcome of surgical treatment with extraoral vertical ramus osteotomy. The subjective improvement of the facial appearance, as well as chewing and articulation functions took place after the treatment.
PL
Urazy penetrujące części twarzowej szkieletu czaszki są stosunkowo rzadkie, ale mogą być wyjątkowo niebezpieczne dla zdrowia i życia poszkodowanego. Ich epidemiologia jest zróżnicowana i zależy od regionu, wieku pacjenta i rodzaju ciała obcego, które spowodowało uszkodzenie. Urazy te najczęściej powstają w wyniku wbicia ostrego, wąskiego, długiego ciała obcego w kości części twarzowej czaszki. W Polsce do tego rodzaju urazów najczęściej dochodzi podczas wypadków komunikacyjnych, pobić, wypadków przy pracy, rzadko na skutek innych przyczyn – w tym wybuchu petard/fajerwerków. Celem niniejszej pracy jest przedstawienie – na podstawie przeglądu piśmiennictwa oraz obserwacji własnych – zagadnień dotyczących urazów penetrujących twarz i kości części twarzowej czaszki. W latach 2000–2012, w Klinice Chirurgii Czaszkowo-Szczękowo-Twarzowej i Onkologicznej UM w Łodzi, leczono 6 chorych z rozległymi ranami i obrażeniami części twarzowej czaszki. Leczenie przedstawionych przypadków zależała głównie od stanu ogólnego pacjenta. W przypadku wszystkich pacjentów uzyskano zadowalający wynik czynnościowy i estetyczny.
PL
Liczba zgonów z powodu urazów wzrasta. Penetrujące obrażenia części twarzowej czaszki występują stosunkowo rzadko i znacznie częściej dotyczą dzieci niż osób dorosłych. Ich epidemiologia jest różnorodna i zależy od regionu świata. W Polsce urazy spowodowane postrzałami, wybuchem petard i sztucznych ogni stanowią jedynie niewielki odsetek wszystkich obrażeń kości części twarzowej czaszki. Najczęstszymi przyczynami penetrujących urazów twarzy są wypadki komunikacyjne, pobicia i rany zadane ostrymi, wąskimi i długimi przedmiotami, które z łatwością przenikają przez kości części twarzowej czaszki. W pracy przedstawiono przypadek 50-letniego mężczyzny, który doznał urazu kości części twarzowej czaszki wskutek wbicia ciała obcego (kilofa) w okolicę podskroniową, łuku jarzmowego i prawego oczodołu. Omówiono i przedyskutowano zastosowaną metodę chirurgicznego leczenia pacjenta.
PL
Purpose The objective of the study was to evaluate the frequency and severity of atherosclerotic lesions in extracranial sections of carotid arteries and to determine the level of the correlation between these lesions and symptoms of cerebral ischemia. Secondly, to identify the most common risk factors of ischaemic stroke occurrence in population of patients of vascular outpatient clinic. Material and Methods Prospective study was conducted on a group of 1,000 people (217 women and 783 men), aged 50 to 86 years, the average age was 62 years (± 9.95). Results Atherosclerotic lesions of carotid arteries were observed in 670 examined people (67%). In 63 cases (6.3%) carotid artery occlusion was revealed. Patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis more frequently were addicted to cigarettes and suffered from hypertension in comparison to asymptomatic group. A statistically significant correlation between the TIA or ischemic stroke and smoking were noticed, as well as between TIA/ischemic stroke and hypertension Conclusions Among patients with atherosclerosis of peripheral arteries atherosclerotic lesions in the extracranial carotid sections occur with a high frequency. Statistically significant differences in the incidence and severity of atherosclerotic lesions in the carotid arteries were observed in this group. A statistically significant correlation was revealed between the prevalence and severity of atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries in symptomatic patients and smoking and hypertension. Performing screening in patients with atherosclerosis of the abdominal aorta and/or lower limb arteries may detect significant carotid artery stenosis, requiring surgical intervention.
EN
Purpose The objective of the study was to evaluate the frequency and severity of atherosclerotic lesions in extracranial sections of carotid arteries and to determine the level of the correlation between these lesions and symptoms of cerebral ischemia. Secondly, to identify the most common risk factors of ischaemic stroke occurrence in population of patients of vascular outpatient clinic. Material and Methods Prospective study was conducted on a group of 1,000 people (217 women and 783 men), aged 50 to 86 years, the average age was 62 years (± 9.95). Results Atherosclerotic lesions of carotid arteries were observed in 670 examined people (67%). In 63 cases (6.3%) carotid artery occlusion was revealed. Patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis more frequently were addicted to cigarettes and suffered from hypertension in comparison to asymptomatic group. A statistically significant correlation between the TIA or ischemic stroke and smoking were noticed, as well as between TIA/ischemic stroke and hypertension Conclusions Among patients with atherosclerosis of peripheral arteries atherosclerotic lesions in the extracranial carotid sections occur with a high frequency. Statistically significant differences in the incidence and severity of atherosclerotic lesions in the carotid arteries were observed in this group. A statistically significant correlation was revealed between the prevalence and severity of atherosclerosis in the carotid arteries in symptomatic patients and smoking and hypertension. Performing screening in patients with atherosclerosis of the abdominal aorta and/or lower limb arteries may detect significant carotid artery stenosis, requiring surgical intervention.
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