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Postępująca leukoencefalopatia wieloogniskowa

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Liberski P. P., Smoleń J., Sikora B., Wąsik T. J.
Aktualności Neurologiczne
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2007
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vol. 7
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issue 2
122-124
EN
Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) is an invariably lethal, progressive demyelinating disease, caused by the JC virus (the term consists of initials of the patient, in whom the virus has been first isolated – John Cunningham), of the Polyomaviridae family. Before, the JC virus was enumerated among the Papovaviridae, a family which includes also papillomaviruses. The JC virus has been isolated from brains of patients with progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy and is considered the etiologic factor here, although it may also cause renal and upper respiratory tract diseases. Suggestions about viral aetiology of PML appeared as early as the ‘50s, but only ultrastructural studies by Gabrielle ZuRhein revealed structures identical to virions of polyoma viruses. Microscopic lesions are usually much more pronounced than those visible by naked eye. Most often, these are symmetric, diffuse foci of subcortical demyelination, ranging from microscopic to large, confluent and encompassing most of the white matter in a particular area. Within these foci visible are oligodendrocytes featuring large basophilic nuclei with viral inclusion bodies and hypertrophic, monster astroglial cells.
PL
Postępująca wieloogniskowa leukoencefalopatia (PML) jest zawsze śmiertelną postępującą chorobą demielinizacyjną wywołaną wirusem JC (nazwa pochodzi od inicjałów chorego, od którego wyizolowano po raz pierwszy wirus, Johna Cunninghama) należącym do rodziny Polyomaviridae. Poprzednio wirus JC zaliczano do rodziny Papovaviridae obejmującej także papillomawirusy. Wirus JC był izolowany z mózgu w postępującej wieloogniskowej leukoencefalopatii i jest uznany za czynnik etiologiczny, aczkolwiek może wywoływać także schorzenia nerek i górnego układu oddechowego. Sugestie wirusowej etiologii PML uwzględniono już w latach pięćdziesiątych, ale dopiero badania ultrastrukturalne Gabrielle Zu Rhein wykazały obecność struktur identycznych z wirionami wirusów polyoma. Zmiany mikroskopowe są zwykle bardziej nasilone niż zmiany widoczne w badaniu makroskopowym. Najczęściej są to symetryczne, rozlane ogniska podkorowej demielinizacji, od mikroskopowych do dużych, zlewających się i obejmujących większość istoty białej na danym obszarze. W ogniskach tych spotyka się duże bazofilne jądra oligoden-drocytów, zawierające wtręty wirusowe oraz przerosłe, dziwaczne komórki astrogleju.
2
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Optimal Control Model for Hepatitis B Virus

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Onuorah M. O., Baba A. M., Alaisa N., Balagadde R. S., Kabandana I.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2023
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vol. 48
70-94
EN
In this paper, we proposed an ordinary differential equation model for the transmission of Hepatitis B virus (BHV). The model accounted for the susceptible, exposed, infected, Chronic, and removed classes. We obtained the model's disease-free and endemic equilibrium points and the effective reproductive number. Further, from a thorough sensitivity analysis of the effective reproductive number, we extended the model by incorporating five time-dependent controls to cater to the vertical transmission, vaccination, testing, and treatment of acutely and chronically infected individuals. Numerical simulation was conducted to underscore the effects of the control in combating HBV.
3
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Applications and Limitations of Integrative Robust Approaches in Multiple Omics Analysis

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Owolabi J., Adam Y., Dokunmu T., Adebiyi E., Chukwuma N.
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vol. 44
43-62
EN
Comprehensive biological research shows that genomic information garnered over the years is not enough to completely understand biological systems even at the cellular level. Integrative omics focuses on the integration of multiple omics data types, with an unceasing improvement of high-content, real-time, multimodal, multi-omics technologies. This will lead to a deep understanding of biological systems. Multi-omics can be used to profile genetic, transcriptomic, epigenetic, spatial, proteomic and lineage information in single cells. This transformative method provides bioinformatics and integrative methods that can be used through multiple types of data, and it can identify relationships within cellular modalities, provide a deeper representation of cell state, and aid assembly of data sets to provide useful knowledge. Here, we discuss the challenges of multiple omics datatype integration, limitations of the complex machine learning models and recent technology advances in multi-omics data integration.
4
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Mathematical Modeling of Control Strategies for Visceral leishmaniasis

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Onyekwelu O. M., Baker N.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2021
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vol. 37
102-116
EN
In this paper, a deterministic mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was formulated and analyzed. The basic reproductive number R0 was obtained using the next generation matrix method. The model which was parameterized using the 2011 cases of Visceral Leishmaniasis in South Sudan, was used to assess two control measures. Numerical simulation reveals that the exposed population is reduced by high detection rate, and low biting rate of sandflies. Further, our model simulation gave the values of the contact rate of susceptible human, α1 and the detection rate of new cases, σ at which the basic reproductive number is less than one, (R0 < 1), equal to one (R0 = 1) and greater than one (R0 > 1).
5
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Optimizing Space Complexity using Color Spaces in CBIR Systems for Medical Diagnosis

100%
Kenny S. P. K.
World News of Natural Sciences
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2020
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vol. 30
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issue 2
96-103
EN
Content based Image Retrieval systems are now used in various automated systems because they largely produce accurate results as they do not depend on the metadata for telling what the image is but rather define it on the basis contents of the image like color, shape, texture and spatial locations. Content based Image retrieval systems have a repository of similar images and when a query image is presented to system it matches similar images in the database. This process aids in various applications like security checks to medical diagnosis. But all CBIR systems in common have to store the images which take a huge space. Here in this work, a unique approach is being devised to reduce the space complexity for a CBIR system used for detecting cervical cancer. When it comes to medical image it is not the question of how to reduce space, but along with it, the original contents of the image also has to be preserved.
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