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Polish Society for Rehabilitation of the Disabled – over 60 years of activity for people with disabilities

100%

Pilecka D.

Polish Journal of Sports Medicine

2022

vol. 38(1)

1-9

Artykuł ukazuje genezę i rozwój Polskiego Towarzystwa Walki z Kalectwem w Polsce (PTWK)- ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zrealizowanych najważniejszych działań. Na przykładzie Gorzowa Wielkopolskiego ukazane zostało tworzenie struktur terenowych. Praca przygotowana została w oparciu o metodologię badań historycznych. Przeprowadzono analizę źródeł historycznych, aktów normatywnych, prasy, sprawozdań, wspomnień i relacji ustnych oraz istniejącej literatury. Dotychczas problematykę genezy i rozwoju Polskiego Towarzystwa Walki z Kalectwem podejmował w swoich opracowaniach Henryk Waszkowski. W niniejszym artykule wykorzystane zostały takie metody badawcze jak: metoda analityczna, syntetyczna, porównawcza, indukcyjna oraz dedukcyjna. Przeprowadzone procesy opierały się na istniejących źródłach oraz dogłębnej analizie przedmiotu. Przedstawione fakty podlegały wielokrotnej i kilkuetapowej weryfikacji. Chociaż na przestrzeni ponad sześćdziesięciu lat istnienia PTWK zauważa się pewne przeobrażenia w zakresie jej funkcjonowania, niemniej jednak stale aktualne pozostawało hasło: „najlepszym lekarstwem jest ruch i aktywność”. Organizacja ta odegrała ważną rolę w zakresie promowania i rozwoju rehabilitacji, rekreacji ruchowej, turystyki osób z niepełnosprawnościami oraz kształcenia i doskonalenia kadr w tym zakresie. Działania prowadzone na poziomie oddziałów regionalnych na przestrzeni kolejnych dziesięcioleci odpowiadały na potrzeby społeczności lokalnych. Umożliwiały zaspokajanie rozmaitych potrzeb osób doświadczających obniżenia sprawności spowodowanej niepełnosprawnością.

The paper presents the origins and development of the Polish Society for Rehabilitation of the Disabled (PTWK) focused on key activities. Organizing the local structures was shown on the example of Gorzów Wielkopolski. The paper was prepared based on the methodology of historical research. The author studied historical sources, normative acts, press, reports, memoirs and oral accounts, and available literature. So far Henryk Waszkowski has written a few articles on the origin and development of the Polish Society for Rehabilitation of the Disabled. This paper uses such research methods as analytical, synthetic, comparative, inductive and deductive. The processes were based on existing sources and in-depth analysis of the subject. The facts have been verified repeatedly and in several stages. Even though PTWK has undergone transformations over the sixty years of its existence, the motto "the best cure is movement and activity" always stay valid. The organization has been important in the promotion and development of rehabilitation, physical recreation, tourism for people with disabilities, as well as in the education and training of professionals. The activities carried out at the level of the regional branches in the following decades responded to the needs of the local communities. The activity guaranteed the various needs of people with disabilities.

The origins of the Special Olympics Movement in Poland in the 20th century

63%

Pilecka D., Jurek T.

2020

vol. 32

issue 4

43-50

Since World War II, sport involving people with disabilities has gradually evolved in Poland, and people with intellectual disabilities had not participated in any sporting events until the end of the 1960s. They were treated as second-class citizens having no rights that they should be entitled to. The reason behind this was the State’s policy towards sport, where high-performance sport, especially Olympic sport, played a vital role that was supposed to testify to the high level of civilisation in communist Poland. People with disabilities were regarded as a shameful problem and were practically kept hidden away. They, therefore, did not participate in social life, including athletic activities. The first competition held in Poland under the name of the Special Olympics was not organised until 1969 in Poznań. On May 26, 1973, the first national sporting event for mentally retarded children (as they were referred to at the time) was called Spartakiad and was held in Warsaw. That was around that time that the sports movement in Poland began to draw on American practices, and in the 1980s it adopted the form of the Special Olympics, both in terms of organisation and sporting activities. This period was marked by active cooperation with the USA and other countries, where Polish athletes with intellectual disabilities began to compete in international competitions.

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1 Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

1 Polish Journal of Sports Medicine

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2 Pilecka D.

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Polish Society for Rehabilitation of the Disabled – over 60 years of activity for people with disabilities

The origins of the Special Olympics Movement in Poland in the 20th century